Part-01 Landscape Planting

1 LANDSCAPE PLANTING ....................................................................................................... 3

1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................. 3

1.1.1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................................3

1.1.2 References...............................................................................................................................................3

1.1.3 Quality Assurance ...................................................................................................................................5

1.1.4 Submittals ...............................................................................................................................................5

1.1.5 Job Conditions.........................................................................................................................................7

1.2 SHIPPING, DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING ............................................................ 7

1.2.1 Shipping and Delivery..............................................................................................................................7

1.2.2 Storage ....................................................................................................................................................8

1.2.3 Handling ..................................................................................................................................................8

1.3 PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................................. 9

1.3.1 General....................................................................................................................................................9

1.3.2 Plants.......................................................................................................................................................9

1.3.3 Labels ....................................................................................................................................................10

1.3.4 Workmanship / Qualifications ..............................................................................................................10

1.3.5 Soil Preparation.....................................................................................................................................11

1.3.6 Subsoil Preparation ...............................................................................................................................11

1.3.7 Spreading and Preparation of Topsoil...................................................................................................12

1.3.8 Soil Specification ...................................................................................................................................12

1.3.9 Alternative Soil Specification ................................................................................................................13

1.3.10 Soil Additives – Procedure A .................................................................................................................14

1.3.11 Soil Additive -Procedure B....................................................................................................................16

1.3.12 Alternative Soil Additive Specifications.................................................................................................17

1.3.13 Compost Specifications .........................................................................................................................18

1.3.14 Contractor’s Responsibilities.................................................................................................................21

1.3.15 The Supervising Officer’s Responsibilities.............................................................................................22

1.3.16 Chemical Testing for Fertiliser Equivalence of the Compost ................................................................22

1.3.17 Planting Soil Mixture .............................................................................................................................23

1.3.18 Planting Soil Mixture (Sweet Soil) .........................................................................................................23

1.3.19 Dry Plant Fertiliser.................................................................................................................................23

1.3.20 Turf Fertiliser.........................................................................................................................................23

1.3.21 Mulch ....................................................................................................................................................23

1.3.22 Guys and Stakes ....................................................................................................................................24

1.3.23 Edging Material .....................................................................................................................................24

1.3.24 Irrigation Water.....................................................................................................................................24

1.4 SITE PREPARATION FOR PLANTING AREAS ................................................................... 24

1.4.1 General Requirements ..........................................................................................................................24

1.4.2 Sub-Surface Grading..............................................................................................................................25

1.4.3 Finished Grading ...................................................................................................................................25

1.4.4 Planting Operations and Layout............................................................................................................25

1.4.5 Protection of Existing Vegetation..........................................................................................................26

1.5 PLANTING ............................................................................................................................. 26

1.5.1 Plant Pits ...............................................................................................................................................26

1.5.2 Backfill Mixture .....................................................................................................................................26

1.5.3 Installation for Trees and Shrubs ..........................................................................................................27

1.5.4 Installation of Palms..............................................................................................................................28

1.5.5 Cultivation of Turf Areas .......................................................................................................................28

1.5.6 Seeding..................................................................................................................................................28

1.5.7 Sprigging................................................................................................................................................29

1.5.8 Turfing ...................................................................................................................................................29

1.5.9 Plant List, Spacing and Sizes..................................................................................................................30

1.5.10 Edging Plant Beds..................................................................................................................................64

1.5.11 Mulch ....................................................................................................................................................64

1.5.12 Watering of Plants.................................................................................................................................64

1.5.13 Pruning ..................................................................................................................................................65

1.5.14 Anti-Desiccant Application....................................................................................................................65

1.5.15 Clean up and Site Restoration...............................................................................................................65

1.5.16 Maintenance during Planting Operations .............................................................................................65

1.6 EXISTING LANDSCAPING ................................................................................................... 66

1.6.1 Care of Existing Landscaping .................................................................................................................66

1.6.2 Identification of Existing Plants.............................................................................................................66

1.6.3 Watering and Fertilizing Existing Non Native Trees ..............................................................................66

1.6.4 Fertilizing Existing Non Native Shrubs and Groundcover Beds .............................................................66

1.6.5 Watering Native Trees, Shrubs and Groundcovers ...............................................................................66

1.6.6 Pruning and Cavity Work.......................................................................................................................66

1.7 PLANTING MATERIALS........................................................................................................ 67

1.7.1 General..................................................................................................................................................67

1.7.2 Nomenclature .......................................................................................................................................67

1.7.3 Guaranties – Planting Material .............................................................................................................68

1.7.4 Accessories............................................................................................................................................68

1.7.5 Transplanting Plants..............................................................................................................................69

1.7.6 Planting Time ........................................................................................................................................70

1.7.7 Water Consumption..............................................................................................................................70

1.7.8 Percolation Test ....................................................................................................................................71

1.7.9 Installation for Trees and Shrubs ..........................................................................................................71

1.7.10 Installation of Palms..............................................................................................................................72

1.8 GRASS................................................................................................................................... 73

1.8.1 Materials and Products .........................................................................................................................73

1.8.2 Workmanship........................................................................................................................................73

1.8.3 Soil Preparation.....................................................................................................................................73

1.8.4 Delivery .................................................................................................................................................74

1.8.5 Seeding..................................................................................................................................................74

1.8.6 Preparation and Installation of Carpet Grass........................................................................................74

1.8.7 Watering, Cutting, and Completion ......................................................................................................75

1.9 APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE ............................................................................................. 75

1.9.1 General Requirements ..........................................................................................................................75

1.10 WARRANTy, MAINTENANCE AND HANDOVER................................................................. 75

1.10.1 Plant Establishment and Warranty Period ............................................................................................75

1.10.2 Plant Maintenance during the Establishment Period ...........................................................................76

1.10.3 Replacement Plants during the Establishment Period ..........................................................................76

1.10.4 Lawn Maintenance during Plant Establishment Period ........................................................................76

1.10.5 Final Acceptance ...................................................................................................................................77

1.11 MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................................... 77

1.11.1 General..................................................................................................................................................77

1.11.2 Appearance of the Ground ...................................................................................................................79

1.11.3 Grass Maintenance ...............................................................................................................................81

1.12 APPENDIX A – Landscaping Details 1 .................................................................................. 86

1.13 APPENDIX B – Ashghal irrigation rates................................................................................. 89

1.14 APPENDIX C – Landscaping Details 2.................................................................................. 89

1 LANDSCAPE PLANTING
1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1.1 Scope
1 Work covered under this section consists of furnishing all labour, equipment and material necessary to perform all operations required for landscaping herein specified.
2 Landscape planting is inclusive but not limited to finished grading, supplying and spreading of soil, layout of plants and areas, turfing, seeding and sprigging of new lawns, ground cover plantings, shrub planting, tree planting, landscape edges, maintenance period, landscape warranty, appliances and services necessary for and incidental to completing all the planting operations in a workmanship like manner, according to the provisions of the Project Documentation.
3 The details pertaining to this scope of work are herein Appendix A and Appendix B. The Contractor shall execute his work as per the details in Appendix A and Appendix B.
4 Related Sections are as follows:
Section 6 Road works
Section 12 Earthworks Related to Buildings

1.1.2 References
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:
ASTM C516................Specification for Vermiculite Loose Fill Thermal Insulation
ASTM C549................Specification for Perlite Loose Fill Insulation
ASTM C136................Standard Methods of Sieve and Screen Analysis of Fine and Coarse

Aggregates ASTM D422................Standard Methods of Particle Size Analysis of soil ASTM D2607.............. Standard Classification of Peat, Mosses, Humus, and Related
Products ASTM D2974..............Standard Method of Test for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of
Peat Materials ASTM D2976.............. Standard Method of Test for pH of Peat Materials ASTM D2977.............. Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Range of Peat Materials
AS 3743 .....................Potting mixes. Standards Australia, Sydney Australia AS 4419 .....................Soils for landscaping and garden use. Standards Australia, Sydney Australia
BS 1377 .....................Method of test of soils for civil engineering purposes
BS 3998 .....................Tree Work
BS 4043 .....................Transplanting Trees
BS 3882 .....................Topsoil
BS 3936 .....................Nursery Stock and Shrubs

BS 4428 .....................General Landscape Operation BS 5236 ....................Cultivation and Planting of Trees in the Extra Large Nursery Stock Category
ANSI Z60-1 ................American Standard for Nursery Stock
NATSPEC – Specifying Trees
Official Method of Analysis, Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC International)
The Australian Dangerous Goods Code (ADG), Department of Infrastructure and Transport,

Government of Australia

Standard Plant Names, American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature (AJCHN)

Grade and Standards for Nursery Trees – Part II: Palms and Trees, Department of Agriculture, Florida, USA
Environmental Regulations and Technology, Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge, United States Environment Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Environmental Guidelines, Use and Disposal of Bio solids Products, Environmental Protection Agency, NSW, Australia
Kirchhoff C, Malina J and Barrett (2003) Characteristics of Compost: Moisture Holding and Water Quality Improvements. CRWR On-line Report, Centre for Water Resources, University of Texas, Austin
Rayment GE and Higginson FR (1992) Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods. Inkata Press, North Ryde Sydney Australia
RHS Complete Gardener’s Manual, Royal Horticultural Society, UK RHS Encyclopaedia of Plants and Flower, Royal Horticultural Society, UK The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopaedia of Garden Plants, Royal Horticultural
Society, UK
Post, George E., Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai, American University of Beirut. Sunset Western Garden Book, Latest Edition.
Wyman, Donald, Wyman’s Gardening Encyclopedia, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, U.S.A., Colliers Macmillan Publishers, London, Second Edition, 1986.
Tropica Color Encyclopedia of Exotic Plants and Trees, Alfred Byrd Graf

1.1.3 Quality Assurance
1 Landscape works including soil preparation and planting shall conform to the relevant requirements of the respective standards, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
2 Landscape work must be undertaken by an experienced subcontractor specialising in landscape work. Work shall be performed and supervised at all times by qualified personnel.
3 All landscape materials shall be shipped with certificates of inspection as required by the
Engineer. Manufacturer’s certified analysis for standard packaged products shall be
provided.
4 Defective plant material shall be considered to be any tree, shrub or other plant that is:
(a)
Dead, dying, damaged or otherwise defective upon completion of the works after six weeks or at the first leafing out, whichever is later

(b)
Not in accordance with the Project Documentation.

1.1.4 Submittals
1 The Contractor shall submit catalogue data and literature of manufacturers and suppliers.
2 The Contractor shall submit manufacturer’s certified analysis of all standard products. The certificate of origin for all chemicals and pesticides should clearly state that the product is used in the manufacturers country.
3 The Contractor shall submit certificates confirming the origin, size, age of all plant materials and that the same are free from insects and disease.
4 The contractor shall ensure that all landscape materials including soil additives, fertilizers, compost, organic materials and plants have the required authority approvals affixed.
5 The Contractor is to submit his method statement for his fertilizer application for the approval of the Engineer.
6 The Contractor shall submit a Plant Procurement Schedule within fourteen (14) days of the start of the Contract. All plants for Ashghal projects are to conform with 1.5.9 Table 9b.This schedule shall identify the source of every plant species to be included in the Works and highlights plants that must be imported due to non-availability in Qatar. The schedule shall be documented with the listing of names and locations of all nurseries, growers and plant material sources. The schedules are a guide and any departure from the guide needs to be justified on technical grounds that the species will thrive in Qatar.
7 The Contractor shall submit a weekly work schedule for approval before work is started. The schedule shall identify tasks to be completed on a weekly basis and the anticipated schedule for completing the tasks. The Contractor will then modify and submit the schedule on a weekly basis identifying tasks completed, tasks to be completed, problems encountered and recommendations additional to a monthly report contains all the above in details.

9
10
11
A soils report is to be submitted by the Contractor for all soils to be used for landscaping purposes in the Works. The Contractor shall arrange for an approved independent analyst to prepare a physical and chemical analysis of the soil and irrigation water to be used. The analyst shall also provide recommendations on soil amendment, fertiliser application and the like. The report shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval before soil is placed. In the case of imported soil, the report shall be submitted at least 10 days prior to delivery. The report shall identify the source(s) from which imported soils are to be furnished. At a minimum, the soil shall be analysed for:
(a)
Total salts (Electro-Conductivity of soil solution)

(b)
Soil pH

(d)
Available Phosphates

(e)
Organic matter as a percentage

(f)
Available Zinc, Manganese, Iron and Boron

(g)
Total Sulphates

The soil analysis shall also include fertilisers and other amendment requirements and quantities which when incorporated with the soil will provide the required nutrient levels for vigorous plant growth.
Additional soil samples shall be taken at the rate of one in every 20 loads or as directed by the Engineer and analysed. The results will be compared with the original sample to ensure consistency and compatibility of supply.
An operations and maintenance manual is to be provided by the Contractor. Instructions shall be furnished for year round care of installed plants to be followed by the Owner. As a minimum, the manual will include the following:
(a)
irrigation details: including water application rates and maintenance procedures

(b)
fertilisation: including fertiliser descriptions, application rates and application schedule

(d)
pesticide/fungicide/herbicide applications: including safety application rates, procedures, and schedules

(e)
turf grass management: including mowing procedures, aerification, topdressing, vertical mowing for thatch removal, rolling, overseeding and sprigging

(f)
propagation and seasonal replacement of all flowers and flowerbeds

(g)
general maintenance: including pruning, stakes and ties, replacement and clean-up, protective fencing and grading

(h)
equipment inventory: including maintenance procedures and manufacturer’s maintenance manual

(i)
landscape maintenance personnel requirements and job descriptions.

1.1.5 Job Conditions
1 The Contractor shall proceed with and complete planting operations as rapidly as possible as portions of the Site become available, working within seasonal limitations for each type of landscape work required.
2 No planting shall be carried out during periods of heavy rain, sandstorms, heavy winds, or during intense daytime heat. Plants and trees shall only be moved or planted between mid-September and mid-May.
3 When special conditions warrant a variance to the planting time and conditions, a proposed planting schedule shall be submitted to the Engineer for review and approval. In such cases, the planting will be installed at no additional cost and all conditions and obligations such as maintenance and warranty remain the same as specified herein.
4 Planting of trees and shrubs will occur prior to lawn plantings.

1.2 SHIPPING, DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
1.2.1 Shipping and Delivery
1 Prior to shipping all plants shall be inspected, dug, and made ready for transport in accordance with standard practices and procedures. The Engineer shall inspect all plants at the source prior to delivery to the Site. The Engineer shall be notified of the delivery schedule in advance so the plant material can be inspected upon arrival at the Site. All unacceptable plant material shall be removed from the Site immediately. The Engineer reserves the right to reject any plant material that does not meet the quality requirements of the Project Documentation.
2 The Contractor shall protect plants to prevent damage to the root balls, containers or desiccation of leaves. All plant material shall be delivered in a closed vehicle or in open vehicles with the load properly covered in transit for protection from drying winds.
3 Fertiliser, pesticides, fungicides, chemicals and seed shall be delivered to the Site in the original unopened containers bearing the manufacturer’s guaranteed chemical analysis, name, trade name, or trademark. In lieu of containers, fertiliser’s and seed may be furnished in bulk and a certificate indicating the above information shall accompany each delivery. The fertiliser shall be kept dry and protected from contamination.
4 Palms shall be transported by covered truck. Such transportation shall not exceed 24 hours from time of loading until arrival at the site. The palms shall be transported and handled in the following manner:
(a)
When the palms are to be shipped, gently place the palm horizontal on a level surface and tighten the wrapping and tying of frond. At least two layers of burlap must be used.

(b)
Wrap the root ball with a minimum of two layers burlap. Saturate with water and cover. Periodically, the burlap must be watered. Do not allow the burlap to dry out at any time.

(d)
Do not water the trunk of the palm.

1.2.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.2.3
1
(e)
Do not permit the root ball to become dry.

(f)
Use only sharp tools in cutting and trimming.

(g)
A bed of 150mm of moist organic soil shall be placed on the floor of the truck. The palms shall be hoisted by means of nylon or canvas slings and placed horizontally on the bed of the truck. They shall be laid carefully in an alternating fashion. Moist burlap shall be placed over the roots to keep them moist.

(h)
The entire load shall be covered snugly with two layers of tarpaulin.

(i)
The palms shall be secured in such a manner so as to prevent wind from lifting the tarpaulin and drying the palms.

(j)
The palms shall be unloaded using nylon or canvas slings.

Storage
Plants shall be installed as soon as possible after delivery to the Site. Plant material shall be protected from exposure to wind and direct sunlight prior to installation. Plants not installed on the day of arrival shall be stored in shaded areas, protected from the wind and maintained and watered to good horticultural standards until planted. Care shall be taken to ensure that the plants do not dry out. No plant shall be stored on site for more than 3 days prior to planting.
Root balled and container grown trees and plants shall be placed close together with root balls covered with approved soil, peat or straw and kept medium moist until planted.
Bare rooted trees and shrubs shall be heeled into prepared trenches and covered with agricultural soil or peat and kept medium moist until planted.
Seed and fertilizers shall be kept in dry storage away from contaminants in areas as designated or approved by the Engineer. All seed containers shall show clearly the germination and the purity percentages.
Soil, compost and other organic materials, fertilisers and other mineral amendments shall be delivered to the Site and stored separately in approved locations and in a manner to avoid contamination and wetting until soil mixing operations commence.
Fertilisers, antidessicants, pesticides and other chemicals shall be delivered to the Site in the
manufacturer’s unopened containers, each fully labelled, conforming to applicable
regulations and bearing the trade name and warranty of the producer. All products if stored by the Contractor on-site shall remain his responsibility.

Handling
Care shall be taken to avoid injury to the plants. Plant material shall not be dropped from vehicles. Balled and burlapped plants shall be handled carefully to avoid cracking or breaking the earth ball or damaging any other part of the plant. Container grown plants shall be handled by the container. Plants shall not be handled by the trunk or stem with the exception of large trees and Date Palms to be lifted by crane using purpose made sling and harness..
Chemicals shall be stored in a manner to avoid cross contamination. No measuring, mixing or work of any kind shall be permitted within storage area.

1.3 PRODUCTS
1.3.1 General
1 All plants and turf material will conform to the varieties specified or shown in the Project Documentation and be true to the botanical name as listed in publications.
2 Substitutions shall only be made when a plant (or alternative as specified) is not obtainable and the Engineer authorises a change order providing for use of the nearest equivalent obtainable.
3 Plants shall be supplied from localities similar to the climatic conditions of the Project and be grown in those conditions for 9 months, a minimum of one complete growing season.

1.3.2 Plants
1 Only nursery grown plants shall be provided except for palm species.
2 Plants to be used in the Works shall be well branched and formed planting stock. They shall be sound, vigorous and free from disease, sunscald, windburn, abrasions, harmful insects or eggs, and have a normal healthy, well developed and non-broken root system, evenly distributed through the root ball, free of circulation. Plant structure shall be well balanced, self supporting with unrestricted superstructure and root form.
3 Deciduous and evergreen trees shall be a single trunk with a single leader, unless otherwise indicated, and display no weak crotches.
4 Symmetrically developed trees and shrubs shall be provided with uniform habit and shall be free from objectionable disfigurement.
5 Groundcover and vines shall be provided with the number and length of runners for the size specified.
6 Trees shall be earth balled and burlapped covered or pot grown.
7 Shrubs, vines and ground cover plants shall be provided well established in removable containers or formed homogenous soil sections.
8 Palms shall have straight parallel sides and healthy stems that are not rotted, infected or eaten by pests or with root systems extending above the level which the palm was originally planted. Palms should have vigorous root system, a crown of new leaves, leaves the colour of an adult palm and proper hardiness. Palms shall be balled and burlapped unless container grown palms are available. Off shoots are not acceptable.
9 The digging and lifting of palms shall take place in accordance with the following procedure:
(a)
Remove all suckers, all flowering and fruiting parts and approximately 30 % of the fronds

(b)
Trim remaining fronds to 65 % of original length, lift fronds to enclose and protect the growing tip. Wrap in burlap cloth and securely tie in place

10
11
12
13
14
1.3.3
1
1.3.4
1
(d)
Dig with hand tools a vertical sided trench to a minimum depth of 750 mm, cleanly cutting roots no closer than 250 mm from the stem

(e)
Under cut roots and carefully lift tree, avoiding any shock which may damage leaf heart

(f)
Wrap root ball with burlap and secure with wire mesh to contain soil and retain maximum soil moisture.

The minimum acceptable sizes of all plants measured before pruning in normal position shall conform to the measurements specified in the Project Documentation. Plants larger in size than specified may be used with the approval of the Engineer, at no extra cost.
Container grown trees, shrubs, groundcover and vines shall have sufficient root growth to hold the earth intact when removed from the containers, but shall not be rootbound. Containers shall be sufficiently rigid to hold ball shape and protect root mass during shipping.
A plant schedule is to be provided listing the designated plants and following information:
(a)
Botanical Name

(b)
Common Name

(d)
Size, including height, caliper and root ball

(e)
Condition

(f)
Additional Pertinent Data

Plants which are provided in pots or other containers and which have been acclimatised to outside conditions are acceptable provided they are equal in quality to field grown stock and are not root bound. Ground cover plants shall be of the species, sizes, and spacing shown on plant materials schedule, sufficient to cover fully the designated area as shown on drawings.
It is the Contractor’s responsibility for potting on plants as required to prevent root binding. The Engineer can reject any plant that is root bound. All costs of potting on will be the Contractors responsibility.

Labels
Each plant, or group of plants or container of the same species, variety, and size of plant, shall be legibly tagged with a durable, waterproof and weather resistant label indicating the nursery source, correct plant name and reference number if applicable. Labels shall be securely attached and not removed.

Workmanship / Qualifications
The Contractor shall submit samples of materials for approval as per the list below. For standard products, the manufacturer’s analysis will be acceptable. For all other materials, analysis is to be provided by recognized laboratories.
(a)
Soil Mix

(b)
coco peat or equivalent organic materials such as recycled peat moss.

(c) Fertilizer
(d) Organic Manure
(e) Soil Conditioner
(f) Pesticides
(g) Gravel Mulch
(h) Wood Mulch
(i) Pruning Paint
(j) Gypsum Paint
(k) Wood Stakes

2 Soil samples will be taken by the Engineer upon his request and at random time and location, samples will be tested at a certified soil lab at the Contractor’s expense.
3 Sampling and testing shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be performed at no additional cost to the Client, by an approved commercial testing laboratory.
(a)
Tests shall be performed in sufficient number to ensure that the materials meet the specified requirements.

(b)
Copies of the test results shall be furnished to the Engineer for approval.

1.3.5 Soil Preparation
1 Soil preparation materials and products shall conform to the description herein after.
2 Soil: soil is composed of a mixture of sand and clay. Sand is dune sand from Government approved site. Clay is from Government approved site.
3 Drainage Stone: Crushed hard durable stone washed free of loam, sand, clay, and other foreign substances and evenly graded from 20 mm minimum to 30 mm maximum size.
4 Stone Mulch: washed white stone pebbles, washed free of loam, sand, clay, and other foreign substance, evenly graded 25 to 50 mm.
5 Wood Bark Mulch: coniferous wood bark, free of disease and pests, not shredded, min. 10 mm x 50 mm pieces with a pH of 4.5 as minimum.
6 Permeable Membrane: non-woven, 70% polypropylene, 0.3 mm thick, weighing 70 g/m2, with permeability to water of 80 litres/m2/sec at 100 mm head of water. Membrane is to be resistant to all naturally occurring soil acidities and to tearing and stress and is to remain unaffected by direct sunlight for up to one month.
7 Nursery: shall be Qatari based company of proven experience, specializing in growing and cultivating plants as listed in this specification.

1.3.6 Subsoil Preparation
1 The Contractor shall excavate and Provide Earth filling as necessary to achieve the subsoil levels and profiles required.

2 Break up soil for a depth of 300 mm and grade to levels and profiles shown on drawings in order to achieve tolerances specified for the finished level of topsoil.
3 Where the topsoil is to be laid on rock sub-strata, break up and loosen the rock surface for a minimum depth of 300 mm.
4 Root Barrier (Root control system), as per the details drawings,.
5 is to line the tree pits or trenches, over or beside service pipes and hard landscape structures such as sidewalks, pavements, and concrete building foundations to prevent structural damage due to root penetration or heaving

1.3.7 Spreading and Preparation of Topsoil
1 Topsoil Filling: spread over prepared subsoil in layers not exceeding 200 mm and firm gently each layer by watering lightly before spreading the next.
2 Final Grading: when topsoil is reasonably dry and workable, grade to levels shown on Drawings.
3 Finished Levels: unless otherwise stated, finished levels of topsoil after settlement to be 70 mm below adjacent paving or curbs not less than 150 mm below finished ground floor slab level of adjoining buildings married-in with adjoining soil areas
4 Fallow Period: where possible carry out cultivation of topsoil sufficiently early for it to lie fallow for several months. During this period, prevent growth and seeding of weeds by further cultivation or by application of herbicides if permitted.

1.3.8 Soil Specification
1 The contractor shall be responsible for the procurement, transportation, mixing, placing, mounding and finished grading. The specified mix shall be strictly controlled over all the grading work.
2 Soil mix shall consist of a mix of dune sand, clay and approved organic materials with the following proportion:
3 75% sand, 20% clay, 5% organic materials for all plants in parks, roads and open areas.
4 100% sand for grass in sports fields.
5 Dune Sand: shall be suitable for inclusion into the soil mix and free from excessive salts, weeds, stones or other foreign matter taken from a maximum depth of 500 mm having removed surface crust and gypsoferrous accumulations.
6 Dune sand shall be obtained from an approved source. Irrigate at maximum rate for two days before planting to wash salt from the sand.
7 Dune sand shall possess the following physical and chemical characteristics.
(a)
Physical Characteristics (Table 1):

(b)
Loamy sand, clay to be less than 0.002 mm

(i)
Salinity (ECE x 1000):

(ii)
SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio):

Table 1: Dune Sand Grading Criteria
Sieve Size % of Material Passing
No 10 sieve 100%
No 35 sieve 85 to 100%
No 140 sieve 5 to 25%
No 200 sieve 0 to 10%

(iii) Boron (saturation extract):
(iv)
pH:

(v)
Free carbonates:

(vi)
Chlorides:

(vii) Sulphates:
(viii) Nitrates:
(ix)
Phosphorous:

(x)
Exchangeable sodium:

(xi)
Potassium:

(xii) Magnesium:
less than 4
less than 2
less than 1.0 ppm
between 6.0 – 7.5
less than 0.5% air dried soil
less than 200 ppm in saturation extract
less than 15% in neutral saturation extract
less than 75 ppm in saturation extract
10 – 15 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

extract (½ hour shake)

less than 15% in neutral normal ammonium
acetate
100 – 400 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate

extract (½ hour shake)
25 – 100 ppm in 1.5 ammonium nitrate
extract (½ hour shake)

8 Clay shall be obtained from an approved source.
9 Clay shall have uniform composition and structure, a lean clay character, and be free from roots, stones, clods larger than 50 mm in greatest dimension, pockets of coarse, sand, noxious weeds, sticks and other litter. It shall not be infected with nematodes or other undesirable insects and plant disease organisms. Prior to mixing all lumps shall be thoroughly broken up.

1.3.9 Alternative Soil Specification
1 Alternatively (to Clause 1.3.8) soil shall be sweet sand free of admixtures of subsoil, foreign matter, toxic substances, weeds and any material or substance that may be harmful to plant
growth upon the Engineer’s approval.
2 The Contractor shall furnish agricultural soil from approved sites.
3 Material shall be stored in piles less than 1 metre high. Piles shall be protected from undue compaction and maintained free of contamination and construction debris.
4 The soil shall comply with the following chemical criteria:

Sieve Size (mm) % by Mass Passing
5.000 100
2.380 65 to 100
1.180 45 to 100
0.600 35 to 80
0.300 5 to 48
0.150 0 to 15
0.075 0 to 3

(a)
pH value: not less than 6.5 nor more than 8.5

(b)
electro-conductivity: less than 4 mm mhos/cm saturated extract at 25oC

(d)
chlorides: less than 200 ppm in saturated extract.

(e)
sulphates: less than 200 ppm in saturated extract.

(f)
exchangeable sodium: less than 15 % in neutral normal ammonium acetate.

(g)
boron: less than 1.5 ppm, hot water soluble.

The soil shall comply with the grading criteria in Table 2.
Table 2 Grading Criteria

1.3.10 Soil Additives – Procedure A
1 There are two applicable procedure, contractors shall follow EITHER procedure (A) OR
procedure (B).
2 Procedure A Consists of the following components:
3 Composted organic waste shall be a recycled waste product such as cocopeat, or a fully natural authority approved composted product shredded and granulated to pass through a 12 mm mesh screen and conditioned in storage piles for at least 6 months. The compost shall be free from sticks, stones, roots, and other objectionable matter. It shall have a pH value of not less than 7 and nor more than 7.5. The minimum organic content shall be 85% on a dry weight basis. Compost shall be delivered in undamaged recyclable bags in air dry condition.
4 Manure shall be pasteurized dried pelletized sewage sludge or decomposed animal manure of fully fermented pre-dried, sheep, horses, goat, cow or chicken manure with nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium and a pH value of 6.0 to 7.5. Manure shall be free of stones, sticks and non-biodegradable material. Manure shall be heat treated, free from pathogen, weeds and other pollutant. A health certificate shall be submitted for the proposed sample. Animal manure shall not be used for top dressing of grass area.
5 Vermiculite shall be horticultural grade and free of any toxic material and conform to ASTM C516.

6 7 8
9
10
11
12
13
14 Perlite shall conform to ASTM C549.
Natural zeolite products
Fertilizer shall be commercial grade and uniform in composition. Fertilizer shall be of slow release 2 month minimum and shall bear the manufacturer’s guaranteed statement of analysis.
Granular fertilizer for trees, shrubs, ground covers and seasonal shall consist of, percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 % available phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K). For grass use minimum 11 % nitrogen (N), 11 % available phosphoric acid (P) and11 % potassium and micro nutrients.
Plant derived fertilizers: shall be used in all soil mix as alternative option to animal manure. It shall be heat treated, free from seeds and nematodes and possess the following characteristics.
(a)
Organic content: more than 70%

(b)
C:N ratio more than 20%

(d)
Humic Acid more than 10%

(e)
pH 5-6.

Dry Plant Fertilizers shall have following properties:

(a)
Fertiliser shall be commercial grade and uniform in composition.

(b)
Packets of slow release fertiliser shall bear the manufacturer’s guaranteed statement of analysis.

(c)
Granular fertiliser for trees and shrubs shall consist of, by percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 % available phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K).

(d)
Controlled release fertiliser shall consist of, by percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 % available phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K). Control released fertiliser may be in packet or tablet form.

Turf Fertilizer shall be commercial grade, free flowing and uniform in composition and bear
the manufacturer’s guaranteed statement of analysis.
Edging Material shall be galvanized steel, polyethylene, electrostatically painted aluminium or other as approved by the Engineer. The material shall be to the sizes designated in the drawings. Edging anchors shall be as recommend by the manufacturer.
Irrigation Water shall be provided by the Contractor from an off-site source approved by the Engineer as being suitable for irrigation. Water shall be free from substances harmful to plant life. Water sources shall not exceed the following parameters:
(a)
pH: 6to 7

(b)
total dissolved solids: less than 1000 ppm

1.3.11 Soil Additive -Procedure B
1 There are two applicable procedure, contractors shall follow EITHER procedure (A) OR procedure (B).
2 Procedure B Consists of the following components:
3 Manure: shall be the decomposed animal manure, pasteurized dried pelletized sewage sludge or fully fermented pre-dried heat treated sheep, horses, goat, cow or chicken manure with nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium and a pH value of 6.0 to 7.5. Manure shall be free of stones, sticks and non-biodegradable material. Manure shall be heat treated, free from pathogen, weeds and other pollutant. A health certificate shall be submitted for the proposed sample. Animal manure shall not be used on the top dressing of grass area.
4 Soil conditioner: shall be as detailed in the following paragraphs.
(a)
Soil conditioner shall be added with the organic manure only, it must meet the requirements below (Table 3).

(b)
Materials supplied shall NOT be any of the following:

Table 3: Soil Additives Proportion for Plants
Plant Type Soil Conditioner South West Architecture Organic or other composted waste Organic Fertilizer Inorganic Fertilizer Mixing Depth
Animal or Plant
Palms As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 25 kg/Tree 5 Kg/Tree 100 g/Tree 40 cm
Trees As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 12.5 kg/Tree 5 Kg/Tree 50 g/Tree 40 cm
Shrubs Large As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 7 kg/Shrub 1 Kg/Shrub 25 g/Shrub 30 cm
Shrubs Small As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 5 kg/Shrub 0.5 Kg/Shrub 25 g/m2 30 cm
Hedges As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 5 kg/linear m 0.5 kg/linear m 25 g/ linear m 20 cm
Ground Cover & Seasonal As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 5 kg/m2 0.5 kg/m2 25 g/m2 20 cm
Lawn As per manufacturer recommendations 5% soil volume 5 kg/m2 1 kg/m 2 50 g/m2 20 cm

(i) classified as hazardous according to National Occupational Health & Safety Commission, Australia (NOHSC) criteria or equivalent

1.3.12
1
2
(ii) classified as a dangerous good by the criteria of the Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG code) or equivalent
(iii) classified as a dangerous good for transport by Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous goods by Road and Rail or equivalent
(iv)
flammable or explosive

(v)
poisonous or allocated a poison schedule number by Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (SUSDP) or equivalent

(c)
Composition / Information on ingredients: The materials used in the production process must be derived from naturally occurring and sustainable sources and are consistent with organic principals. It shall NOT contain synthetic chemicals, animal components, animal by-products, manure or manure by-products. It must be environmentally safe and is not harmful to animals, plants or humans and shall not contain chemicals or genetically modified materials.

(d)
Accidental Release Measures and Spillage: The soil conditioner must have moisture content above 32%. Ventilate spillage area. Collect and place in sealable containers for disposal. Avoid generating dust.

(e)
Handling and storage

(i)
Handling: Before use contractors shall carefully read the product label. Use of safe work practices are recommended to avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Observe good personal hygiene, including washing hands before eating. Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas.

(ii)
Storage: Store in well-ventilated area, removed from oxidising agents and heat sources. Ensure containers are adequately labelled, protected from physical damage and sealed when not in use. Check regularly for leaks or spills.

(f)
The Contractor shall ensure the safety of the workers and the environment at all times

(g)
Fertilizers/plant nutrients must be beneficial to plants at low levels, not in high levels which might cause reducing growth or burns in sensitive species. Excess shall be washed through soil to waterways. Contractors shall minimize Fertilizers released to waterways which might cause algal blooms, with potential for toxic effects on aquatic organisms.

(h)
Disposal Considerations

(i)
Waste Disposal: Reuse or recycle where possible. Alternatively, ensure material is covered with moist soil to prevent dust generation and dispose of to an approved landfill site.

(ii)
Legislation: Dispose of in accordance with Qatari local legislation.

(i)
Material shall contain only chemicals listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) or equivalent.

Alternative Soil Additive Specifications
Should the Engineer decide on an alternative soil Additive (to Clause 1.3.11), the Contractor may use the specification listed below hereinafter.
Preamble

3 The following is a specification for composted products suitable for use as a soil amelioration agent. Hereinafter described as “the composted product.”
4 Definition
5 “HACCP” – Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points is a method that addresses physical, chemical and biological controls as a means of prevention rather than inspection of finished product inspection.
6 Supply Conditions
(a) All products supplied shall conform fully, to the standards indicated herein or to an equivalent standard subject to the agreement of the Supervising Officer (SO).
(b) It is noted that the composted products may vary, (within acceptable limits) to the physical and chemical parameters stated within this specification. Such variations must not compromise the agronomic characteristics of the product and where variations in analysis occur the supervising officer must be informed prior to placement of the product.
(c) The contractor shall demonstrate to the supervising officer that the manufacturers (“The Suppliers”) of the composted product have HACCP accreditation or equivalent with the agreement of the supervising officer. Where HACCP accreditation is not in place documentation of a site based product management plan that demonstrates the principles of HACCP is necessary. South West Architecture
(d) The contractor shall supply appropriate production and sampling documentation from the supplier that shall clearly indicate that the product conforms to the composted specification.
(e) The supervising officer may reject any product or batch that (on the basis of analysis and documentation) is deemed not to conform to standards specified herein. On this basis the Contractor must submit all documentation 10 (ten) working days prior to placement to allow for interpretation of the analyses and for approval of placement to be granted or with-held as appropriate.
(f) The whole quantity required to complete the project must be of the same type, manufacture and/or source. No change of source will be permitted without approval. As such written evidence of the source of the compost must be supplied when requested by the supervising officer.
1.3.13 Compost Specifications
1 All composted products must conform to the minimum requirements specified in Tables 4 and 5. The particle size distribution grades of the composted product must meet the criteria for a top-dressing product (Table 5, as specified in AS 4419 soils for landscaping and garden use).

Table 4:
Contaminant acceptance concentration limits, Sludge Quality for Land
Application / composted soil conditioners (Exceptional Quality USEPA Part
503 / EC Directive 86/278/EEC / NSW EPA/ GCC Fertilizer Law 2006).

Heavy Metal contaminant maximum concentration mg/kg Organic chemical contaminant maximum concentration mg/kg
Arsenic Cadmium Chromium (total) Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Zinc 10 20 300 1000 300 10 200 50 2500 DDT/DDD/DDE Aldrin Dieldrin Chlordane Heptachlor HCB Lindane BHC PCBs 0.5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 not detectable

2 As a minimum requirement, all composted products to be used as a soil conditioner must meet the temperature, time and turning frequency as specified by the USEPA standard for pathogen disinfection and vector reduction.
3 Pathogen disinfections and weed seed reduction shall be achieved by the aerobic, thermophilic decomposition of organic matter which produces a humus-like material. Using the windrow composting method, the temperature of the windrow is maintained at 55oC (131oF) or higher for 15 consecutive days or longer. During the period when the compost is maintained at 55oC (131oF) or higher, there shall be a minimum of 5 turnings of the windrow (USEPA).
Table 5: Chemical testing results required for the < 2mm fines of a composted soil conditioner to verify the suitability of the soil conditioning properties of the composted product for Qatar.
Compost Parameter Test Method Parameter Requirements
Particle size Top Dressing AS 4419 <2% by wt > 5mm, <15% by wt pass a 5 mm sieve but not a 2 mm sieve
Heavy metal and organic chemical contaminants NSW EPA -threshold levels for grade A Biosolids Refer Table 4
pH 1:5 soil water extract# 5.5 to 8.5
Electrical Conductivity 1:5 soil water extract# < 2.5 dS/m
Wettability Appendix C AS 3743 < 2 minutes
Total water holding capacity Appendix B AS 3743 > 40%
Chloride *1:5 soil water extract < 600 mg/kg
% organic carbon *Dichromate wet oxidation >15% by mass
Effective Cation Exchange *1 M ammonium chloride pH7, no > 40 meq/100g

Compost Parameter Test Method Parameter Requirements
Capacity (ECEC) pretreatment for salts
Exchangeable sodium % (from exchangeable cations) *1 M ammonium chloride pH7, no pretreatment for salts < 15%
As received moisture content *Oven-dry 105 º C basis < 40% by mass

Methods indicated by a hatch (#) and the parameter requirements are based on the Australian
Standard AS 4419 -soils for landscaping and garden use.
Reference to AS 3743 -potting mixes indicates that the method and the parameter requirements are
based on this australian standard (AS 3743).

Methods preceded by an asterisk (*) are internationally recognised for testing the chemical properties of soil, and are described in the text Rayment and Higginson (1992), Australian Laboratory Handbook of soil and water chemical methods.
4 Contamination of the compost may occur due to poor source separation as with municipal green-waste and/or through poor control in turning and loading during production. These indicate poor composting practice and procedure. As such, any batches found to contain deleterious material (for example soil, sharps such as glass or metal, contaminants such as plastic or stones) will be rejected by the supervising officer.
5 In addition, the fines of the compost (<10 mm particle size) shall be analyzed for chemical and organic contaminants, to verify compliance with appropriate threshold levels (Table 4 and Table 5) for minimizing the contamination of soils with potentially hazardous substances
(e.g. NSW EPA -threshold levels for grade A biosolids). Where a case can be made that higher concentrations of trace elements such as copper and zinc may be beneficial, limits of 1,500 mg/kg and 2,800 mg/kg may be accepted (Kirchhoff et al 2003). No detectable PCB compounds are permitted, at a 0.2 mg per kg detection limit.
6 Attributes of the Compost shall be appropriate for use as a soil conditioner in the sandy soils of Qatar, the composted product must be verified as possessing the following attributes:
(a)
a high total water holding capacity to function in part as a replacement for sphagnum peat

(b)
a high cation exchange capacity (nutrient holding capacity of the soil), to function in part as a replacement for sphagnum peat

(c)
a low chloride ion concentration and a low exchangeable sodium percentage to minimize the salt concentration in the rooting zone, and

(d)
a high proportion of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer value of the product to be in the slow-release organic form, to reduce the risk of leaching nutrients into the groundwater

7 Application rates shall be as follows:
(a)
The composted product will be incorporated into a soil to improve its physical and chemical properties at rates determined by the site, planting and soil parameters.

(b)
Composted products verifying compliance with Tables 4 and 5 are considered suitable for application to soils in Qatar as a soil conditioner. The preferred mode of application is incorporation into the soil, to a depth of 20 cm. However, after a routine cultivation maintenance operation such as plugging in turf, a composted soil conditioner may be applied to the surface of the soil as a top-dressing.

(c)
The rate of application to soil of a composted soil conditioner shall be based on the fertilizer equivalence of the product. For chemical testing (refer to Table 5), the composite sample shall be screened through a sieve with an aperture size of 2 mm with the particles retained on the sieve excluded from the analysis. A bulk density test shall be undertaken on the compost (refer to the method in Appendix B of AS 4419), to enable the calculation of fertilizer equivalence on a mass basis, to a volumetric basis for ease of application.

(d)
The maximum application rate permitted for incorporation into a soil shall be based on the results of chemical testing of the receiving soil.

8 The contractor shall ensure that the supplier takes from each separate batch, at least x10 random samples each having a volume of not less than 200ml that are blended to produce a composite sample of not less than 2 ltr (Appendix A AS 4419). Where necessary, the compost sample shall be air dried overnight (room temperature less than 35°C) to facilitate sieving. The size of a batch will be determined in accordance with the HACCP procedures
9 Internationally accepted testing methods must be applied to the compost samples and a
certificate of analysis supplied with each compost consignment or as requested by the
supervising officer.

1.3.14 Contractor’s Responsibilities
1 The contractor shall verify that the compost has been produced according to a HACCP-based site and product management plan, and that production temperature and turning records comply with the USEPA pathogen disinfection and vector reduction requirements of the relevant sections of the specification.
2 The contractor shall use the results of the chemical tests listed in Table 4 and Table 5, to calculate the plant-available (immediate fertilizer) and slow-release fertilizer equivalence of each specific batch of compost intended for use as a soil conditioner. The results shall be expressed on the oven-dry mass basis of the <2mm particle size grade.
3 The contractor shall also calculate the maximum (field weight basis) application of the composted soil conditioner on the fertilizer (plant-available) equivalence of the least limiting major nutrient (most commonly phosphorus or potassium) in the compost, and the annual fertilizer application recommendations for the receiving soil.
4 The contractor shall ensure that the supplier has provides all documentation to the Contractor as required by same – this shall include: HACCP (or equivalent) certification; temperature and turning records of the material; physical and chemical testing results for each batch of compost supplied.

1.3.15 The Supervising Officer’s Responsibilities
1 The supervising officer (Engineer) shall ensure that the appropriate documentation is in place in accordance with the specification. Adjust all other inorganic fertilizer application rates to account for the fertilizer equivalence of the applied compost (eg sewage sludge pellets). Accounting for the fertilizer contribution of the compost in the fertilizer management regime is necessary, to avoid causing nutrient imbalance or nutrient excess in the rooting zone. Nutrient imbalance and/or excess are known to increase the severity of root disease.

1.3.16 Chemical Testing for Fertiliser Equivalence of the Compost
1 Chemical testing for results required to determine the fertiliser equivalence of the compost shall be as described herein.
2 The following methods have been selected as the most suitable for testing of minerals contained within an organic matrix. Subtracting the fertilizer value of the nutrient from the total value indicates the slow-release (organic) nutrient pool. In the case of nitrogen, subtracting the ammonium concentration (Table 6) from the total kjeldahl nitrogen value will indicate the slow-release (organic) nutrient pool. Potassium is a component of the cell sap in organic materials, with very little locked up in the organic (slow-release) form. The as received moisture content is required to enable calculations of the oven-dry application rates to be adjusted for the field moisture content of the product.
Table 6: Chemical testing results required to determine the fertiliser equivalence of the compost.
Compost Parameter Test Method Reference in Rayment & Higgins on
Fertilizer phosphorus Bicarbonate extractable P 9B
Total phosphorus X-ray fluorescence or sodium carbonate fusion 9A
Fertilizer potassium Bicarbonate extractable P 18A1
Nitrate nitrogen In the presence of nitrite 7C1b
Total nitrogen Kjeldahl 7A
Exchangeable Cations From ECEC in Table 4 & 5 15A1
As received moisture content From Table 4 & 5 2B1

1.3.17 Planting Soil Mixture
1 The planting soil mixture for shall consist of approved soil, cocopeat or recycled organic compost,, manure, pasteurized pelletized sludge and other soil conditioners as specified in the Project Documentation.
2 The mixture shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of the trees, shrubs or grass to be planted.

1.3.18 Planting Soil Mixture (Sweet Soil)
1 The planting soil mixture shall consist of approved soil (sand and clay), cocopeat,; approved organic compost; pasteurized pelletized sludge; organic and inorganic fertilizer. Peat is not to be used without manufacturer’s certification confirming that it is a recycled product.
2 The mixture shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of the trees, shrubs or grass to be planted as per Table 3 (Soil Additives Proportion for Plants).
3 Soil additives: Shall be added as per Table 3 (Soil Additives Proportion for Plants).
4 Peat and compost or soil conditioner shall be added for palms earlier than 4 months after planting, subject to the Engineer approval.
5 Provide analysis of soil mixture from samples approved by the Engineer.

1.3.19 Dry Plant Fertiliser
1 Fertiliser shall be commercial grade and uniform in composition.
2 Packets of slow release fertiliser shall bear the manufacturer’s guaranteed statement of analysis.
3 Granular fertiliser for trees and shrubs shall consist of, by percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 % available phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K).
4 Controlled release fertiliser shall consist of, by percentage by weight, 5 % nitrogen (N), 10 % available phosphoric acid (P) and 5 % potassium (K). Control released fertiliser may be in packet or tablet form.

1.3.20 Turf Fertiliser
1 Fertiliser shall be commercial grade, free flowing and uniform in composition and bear the
manufacturer’s guaranteed statement of analysis.

1.3.21 Mulch
1 Mulch shall be free of weeds, sticks and other deleterious material.
2 Inert mulch material shall be crusher run rock, granite chips, marble chips or other suitable material approved by the Engineer.
3 Organic mulch material shall be coco bean shell, shredded bark or other suitable recycled organic material approved by the Engineer.

1.3.22 Guys and Stakes
1 Stakes for tree support shall be rough sawn wood, free from knots, rot, cross grain, or other defects that impair the strength. Stakes shall be treated with pentachlorophenol or other approved non-injurious green preservative.
2 Bracing stakes shall be a minimum of 50 mm by 50 mm by 2,400 mm long and pointed at one end.
3 Ground stakes shall be a minimum of 50 mm by 50 mm by 900 mm long and pointed at one end.
4 Guying wire shall be 2.7 mm annealed galvanized steel wire.
5 Guying cable shall be a minimum of five strand, 2.76 mm diameter cadmium plated steel cable.
6 Hose chafing guards shall be new 2-ply reinforced rubber or plastic hose and shall be of the same colour for the entire Project. The length of hose chafing guards shall be 1½ times the circumference of the plant at its base.
7 Flags shall be fastened to the guys and be white surveyor’s tape.

1.3.23 Edging Material
1 Edging material shall be galvanized steel, polyethylene, electrostatically painted aluminium or other as approved by the Engineer. The material shall be to the sizes designated in the drawings. Edging anchors shall be as recommend by the manufacturer.

1.3.24 Irrigation Water
1 Irrigation water shall be provided by the Contractor from an off-site source approved by the Engineer as being suitable for irrigation. Water shall be free from substances harmful to plant life. Water sources shall not exceed the following parameters:
(a)
pH : 6 to7

(b)
total dissolved solids : less than 1000 ppm

1.4 SITE PREPARATION FOR PLANTING AREAS
1.4.1 General Requirements
1 The contractor shall examine areas to receive landscaping for compliance with requirements and conditions affecting performance of work in this section. The contractor shall not proceed with plant operations until unsatisfactory conditions are discussed with the engineer and corrected.
2 The contractor shall determine the location of above grade and underground utilities and perform work in a manner which will avoid damage to them. Damage to underground utilities shall be repaired at the contractor’s expense.
3 When conditions detrimental to plant growth are encountered, such as rubble, adverse drainage or obstructions, The Contractor shall notify the Engineer prior to planting.

4 The Engineer shall verify that sub-grades are as indicated in the project documentation.
5 Grade stakes shall be maintained until removal of them is mutually agreed upon by all parties concerned.
6 When grades are encountered that are detrimental to finished grading and planting operations, the contractor shall notify the Engineer prior to planting.
1.4.2 Sub-Surface Grading
1 All perennial weeds shall be treated with an approved herbicide and the period of time recommended by the manufacturer shall be allowed to elapse prior to commencing grading operations
2 Grading operations shall occur when the sub-soil is reasonably dry and workable.
3 Areas to be graded shall be shaped to smooth flowing contours with all minor hollows and ridges removed. Rock projections and boulders shall be removed and disposed of at a location as agreed with the Engineer.
4 Non-cohesive, light subsoil shall be loosened with a 3-tine ripper to a depth of 300 mm at 600 mm centres. Limestone and other cohesive substrate shall be loosened with a single tine ripper to a depth of 450 mm at 1 m centres.
5 A minimum of 150 mm of approved soil shall be spread uniformly over the loosened area and incorporated into the sub-grade soil to obtain a uniform and well pulverised soil mix.
6 The area shall be compacted to a minimum of 90% of maximum dry density as determined in accordance with test 13 of BS 1377.
1.4.3 Finished Grading
1 Grades shall be brought to the finished ground levels as indicated on the project drawings or as agreed with the Engineer to a tolerance of ± 25 mm. finished ground levels shall be 30 mm below adjoining paving or kerbs after compaction and settlement. Grading shall be carried out in such a manner that even gradients are formed between the spot levels indicated on the project drawings. No depressions shall remain which could collect standing water.
2 Soil shall be placed in lifts not greater than 150 mm in thickness.
3 The filled area shall be compacted to a minimum of 90% of maximum density as determined in accordance with test 13 of BS 1377.
1.4.4 Planting Operations and Layout
1 Plant material locations and planting bed outlines shall be staked two (2) days before any excavations are made. 2 The Contractor shall notify the Engineer two (2) days before the start of planting operations. 3 Plant locations may be adjusted by the Engineer to meet site conditions.

1.4.5 Protection of Existing Vegetation
1 Grassed areas that have been established prior to planting operations shall be covered before any excavations are made in a manner that will afford adequate projection.
2 Existing shrubs, trees and groundcover shall be barricaded in a manner to protect them during planting operations and they shall be maintained with adequate irrigation to ensure their survival.
1.5 PLANTING
1.5.1 Plant Pits
1 Plant pits shall be dug to produce vertical sides and flat uncompacted bottoms. Excavated material shall be disposed of in a proper manner. If approved by the Engineer, excavated material may be used as fill in areas where fill material is required.
2 Upon completion of excavation, the pit shall be filled with water and then left to thoroughly drain prior to setting plants.
3 Excavate and provide earth filling as necessary to achieve the subsoil levels and profiles required. Depths of excavation shown below are from finished top soil level.
4 Minimum acceptable pit sizes shall be as shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Plant Pit Size Schedule
Item Pit Size
Palm Trees for Ashghal projects 2000 x 2000 x 2000 mm
Palm Trees for other projects 2000 x 2000 x 2000
Ornamental Trees 1500 x 1500 x 1500 mm
Large Shrub 1000 x 1000 x 1000 mm
Small Shrub 600 mm
Hedges 600 mm width and 600 mm depth
Ground cover, seasonal flowers and turfed areas 500 mm depth
Grass 400 mm depth with proper drainage if ground below is impermeable

5 Break up bottom of pits to a depth of 300mm for trees and palms and 400mm for shrubs and ground cover.
6 Ensure planting areas and tree pits are well drained.
1.5.2 Backfill Mixture
1 The backfill mixture shall be apportioned by volume and shall be made from a mixture of agricultural soil and selected soil amendments as detailed in Table 8

Table 8:
Mix Proportions

Item Backfill Component Mix Proportion
Trees Soil 80 % of mixture
Cocopeat or compost 5 % of mixture
clay or other approved mineral general Fertiliser 15 % of mixture
35 g per pit
Palms Soil 80 % of mixture
Cocopeat or compost 10 % of mixture
Manure 10 % of mixture
General Fertiliser 50 g per pit
Shrubs Soil 85 % of mixture
Cocopeat or compost 10 % of mixture
Manure 5 % of mixture
General Fertiliser 30g per pit
Groundcover Soil 85 % of mixture.
and Vines Cocopeat or Compost 10 % of mixture.
Manure 5 % of mixture.
General Fertiliser 25 g per pit

1.5.3 Installation for Trees and Shrubs
1 Plants shall be handled carefully and arranged so they take full advantage of the individual character of each plant in relationship to other plants.
2 Plants shall place in the centre of each pit, set plumb and held in place until sufficient backfill mixture has been firmly placed around the root ball. Plants shall be placed so that the level at which they were set with respect to surrounding ground level before installation is the same as after installation.
3 Ball and burlap plants shall have twine, metal, plastic and wire ties removed from the tops of the earth ball after backfill soil has been placed to approximately two thirds of the ball depth, tamped lightly and watered. Backfilling around plant shall be completed in 150 mm layers after water has drained away. Burlap wrapping shall not be pulled out from under the earth ball.
4 Plants supplied in non-biodegradable containers shall be removed in such a way as to prevent damage to plant or root system. Before planting, any damaged or broken roots shall be carefully trimmed and removed. Plants in biodegradable of organic containers may be installed with the container in place.
5 A 150 mm high earth saucer shall be formed around individual plants. The diameter of the saucer should be larger than and outside the backfilled area.

6 After planting, plants shall be guyed or staked as required or directed by the Engineer. Trees and shrubs shall be protected against wind and sun with burlap wrapping where necessary or directed to ensure satisfactory establishment of plant.
7 Trees 1.2 to 1.8 m tall shall be held in place with one (1) bracing stake. The stake shall be positioned close to the tree on the windward side. The stake shall be driven vertically into firm ground taking care not to injure the roots. The tree shall be held firmly to the stake with a double strand of wire placed 1m above ground level. A chafing guard shall be used were the wire is in contact with the tree.
8 Trees 1.8 to 2.5 m tall shall be held in place with two (2) bracing stakes placed on opposite sides. The stake shall be driven vertically into firm ground taking care not to injure the roots. The tree shall be shall be held firmly in place with a double stand of wire placed 1m above ground level and chafing guards shall be used where the wire is in contact with the tree.
9 Trees taller than 2.5 m shall be held firmly in place with three (3) guying lines of double strand wire placed equidistantly around the tree. The wire shall be anchored with ground stakes driven into firm ground outside the earth saucer. The wire shall be anchored to the tree at a point 1m above ground level. a flag shall be securely fastened to each guying wire.
1.5.4 Installation of Palms
1 Palms shall be lifted and moved with a crane and purpose made sling with harness or other approved method to avoid any damage to any part of the palm.
2 Palms shall be placed in the centre of each pit, set plumb and held in place until sufficient backfill mixture has been firmly placed around the root ball. The top of the root ball should be 100 mm below the top of the planting pit. The pit shall be backfilled with specified mixture to approximately two thirds of depth of the root ball, tamped lightly and watered. Backfilling around plant shall be completed in 150 mm layers after water has drained away. A 100 to 150 mm high earth saucer shall be formed around the palm. The diameter of the saucer should be larger than and outside the backfilled area.
1.5.5 Cultivation of Turf Areas
1 After the areas required to be turfed have been brought to the specified levels, fertiliser shall be applied at the rate recommended by the manufacturers. Soil conditioners shall be spread uniformly over the soil. The soil shall be raked to a true and even surface. All stones of greater than 25 mm diameter are to be removed.
1.5.6 Seeding
1 Seed shall be spread over a fine levelled, cultivated soil bed by hand or mechanical seeder. Half of the specified rate applied twice in perpendicular directions so as to achieve an even seed distribution rate.
2 Following seeding, the bed shall be raked, harrowed or gilled to cover the seed with soil to a maximum depth of 25 mm.

3 Cut straw or other fibrous mulch shall be applied over seeded areas to protect from direct sun exposure and blowing winds. Whenever necessary, mulch shall be covered with jute netting to hold the mulch in place. The netting shall not be removed until directed by the Engineer.
4 The perimeter of seeded area shall be flagged off to restrain foot traffic until after the second mowing following complete grass coverage or as directed by the Engineer.
5 Water shall be applied lightly and frequently until one week after 50 % germination and then gradually increase duration and period between watering until normal irrigation programme is met.
1.5.7 Sprigging
1 Sprigs shall be broadcast uniformly by hand, with mechanical equipment or other approved method. The maximum planting spacing between viable sprigs shall be 300 mm. sprigs shall be forced into the prepared soil to a minimum of 25 mm by hand, disk-rolling or other approved method.
2 Immediately after completion of the sprigging operation the entire area shall be firmed with a roller not exceeding 135 kg for each metre of roller width. The planted area shall have a smooth uniformed finish without depressions or ridges.
3 The perimeter of the sprigged area shall be flagged off to restrain foot traffic until after the second mowing following complete grass coverage or as directed by the Engineer.
4 Watering shall be started immediately after completing each day of sprigging. Water shall be applied at a rate sufficient to ensure moist soil conditions to a minimum depth of 70 mm. Watering shall continue until majority of sprigs can sustain themselves on the normal irrigation programme. Run-off and puddling shall be prevented.
1.5.8 Turfing
1 Turfing shall be laid on cultivated soil within 24 hours of stripping. The turf shall be laid to form a solid mass with tightly fitted joints. The ends of the turf shall be butted. Strips shall be staggered to offset joints in adjacent courses.
2 The turf shall be tamped or rolled to ensure contact with the sub-grade. Soil shall be worked into minor spaces between pieces of turf and excess soil removed.
3 The perimeter of the turfed area shall be flagged off to restrain foot traffic until after the third mowing or as directed by the Engineer.
4 The turfed area shall be watered with a fine spray immediately after completing each day of turfing operations. Water shall be applied to ensure a moist sub-grade soil to a minimum depth of 70 mm is achieved. Watering shall continue until turf can maintain itself on the normal irrigation programme.

1.5.9 Plant List, Spacing and Sizes
1 The Contractor shall follow the requirements of Table 9a & 9b for plant list, plant spacing, sizes required and other relevant information which is provided in the Table 9a for other projects and Table 9b for all Ashghal Projects.
Table 9a: Plant List, Spacing and Sizes Required for the Projects
Palms & Cycads
BOTANICAL NAME Common Name South West Architecture Water Requirements Spacing Pot Size Root Ball DIA Stem Girth Spreading Clear Trunk
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Bismarckia nobilis Bismarckia palm 120.0 1.5 -2.0 M
Brahea Armata Blue hesper Palm 120.0 1.5 -2.0 M
Butia capitata Pindo palm 120.0 1.5 M
Chamaerops humilis European fan palm 80.0 30 1.0 -1.5 M
Cocos nucifera Coconut palm 120.0 As 75 1.5 -2.0 M
Cocos plumosa Coconut palm 120.0 75 1.5 -2.0 M
Copernicia alba Wax Palm 120.0 1.80 3.0 M
Cycas circinalis Queen Sago 60.0 1.0 -1.5 M
Cycas revoluta Sago palm 60.0 2530 0.75 1.5 M
Dioon edule Mexican Cycad 60.0 2530 0.75 1.5M
Elaeis oleifera American oil palm 80.0 75 2.0 3.0 M
Hyophorbe Lagenicaulis Bottle Palm 80.0 75 1.25 2.0 M
Hyophorbe verschaffeltii Spindle Palm 80.0 1.25 2.0 M
Livistona chinensis Chinese fan palm 80.0 Per 30 2.0 3.0 M
Phoenix canariensis Island Date palm 120.0 125 1.5 2.0 M
Phoenix dactylifera Date palm 120.0 Design 125 2.0 3.0 M

Phoenix roebelenii Pygmy date palm 60.0 60 1.0 -1.5M
Phoenix sylvestris Silver date palm tree 120.0 125 2.0 3.0M
Roystonea regia Cuban Royal Palm 120.0 60 1,5 M
Sabal domingensis the Hispaniola palmetto 120.0 35 60 2.0 3.0 M
Trachycarpus fortunei Chusan Palm 60.0 1.5 M
Washingtonia filifera California fan palm 120.0 75 2.0 3.0 M
Washingtonia robusta Washingtonia palm 120.0 75 2.0 3.0 M
Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail Palm 80.0 60 1,5 M
Zamia furfuracea Cardboard Palm 40.0 0.25 0.40M
Large Evergreen Trees
Botanical Name Common Name South West Architecture Water Requirements Spacing Pot Size Root Ball DIA Stem Girth Spreading Clear Trunk
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Brachychiton Populneus Bottle tree 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Casuarina equisetifolia Horsetail tree, Australian pine 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Chorisia speciosa Bottle tree 80.0 35.0 50.0 100.0 2.0 M
Ficus Alii Amstel king 80.0 2.0 M
Ficus Alii Amstel queen 80.0 2.0 M
Ficus altissima Council tree 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree 80.0 As 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Ficus infectoria White-Fruited Wavy Leaf Fig 80.0 25.0 2.0 M

Ficus panda indian ficus panda 80.0 25.0 2.0 M
Ficus religiosa Scacred ficus 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Ficus Salicifolia Willow leaved fig 80.0 2.0 M
Ficus sycomorus sycamore fig 80.0 2.0 M
Harpullia Pendula tulip lancewood 80.0 2.0 M
Khaya senegalensis African mahogany 80.0 2.0 M
Kigelia Pinnata Sausage tree 80.0 2.0 M
Moringa oleifera pterygosperma Horse radish tree 60.0 Per 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem thorn 60.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Pithecelobium dulce Manila tamarird 80.0 Design 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Prosopis alba White carob tree 60.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Prosopis juliflora Honey mesquite 60.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Schinus molle Pink pepper, peruvian pepper South West Architecture 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Tamarindus indica Tamarind 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Taxodium Distichum bald cypress 80.0 2.0 M
Terminalia cattapa Indian almond 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Zizyphus chinensis jujuba tree 60.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Zizyphus jujuba Chinese date 60.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Zizyphus spina -christi Christ Thorn 80.0 25.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Decidious Trees
Botanical Name Common Name Water Requirements Spacing Pot Size Root BallDIA Stem Girth Spreading Clear Trunk
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Albizia julibrissin Silk tree 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Albizia lebbeck Women's tongue 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M

Azadirachta indica Neem tree 80.0 As 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Bauhinia variegata Orchid tree 60.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape tree 60.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
cochlospermum religiosum Silk-Cotton Tree 60.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Delonix elata Royal poinsiana, flame tree South West Architecture 80.0 Per 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Delonix regia Flame of forest 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Millingtonia hortensis Indian Cork Tree 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Melia azedarach China berry 80.0 Design 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Morus alba Fruitless mulberry 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Morus nigra Black mulberry 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
peltophorum inerme yellow ponciana 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Paulownia tomentosa Princess Tree 80.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Thespesia populnea Portia tree 60.0 20.0 8.0 50.0 2.0 M
Medium Evergreen Trees

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALL DIA STEM GIRTH SPREADING Clear Trunk
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Acacia arabica Arabian acacia 60.0 As 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Acacia farnesiana yellow mimosa South West Architecture 60.0 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Dalbergia sisso Indian rosewood 60.0 Per 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Schinus terebintifolius Brazilian pepper tree 60.0 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Tabebuia argentea Silver Trumpet Tree 60.0 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Tabebuia impetiginosa Pink Lapacho 60.0 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Tabebuia rosea White trumpet tree 60.0 Design 20.0 6.0 50.0 2.0 M
Xanthorrhea sp. Grass Tree 40.0 20.0 12.0 35.0 1 m
Small Trees Or Large Shrubs
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEM GIRTH SPREADING TOTAL HEIGHT
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM

Aillanthus altissima Tree Of heaven 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
Alstonia Scholaris Devil tree 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
bauhinia purpurea orchid tree 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
bauhinia variegata orchid tree 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
Bucidia Buceras Black Olive tree 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
Bambusa ventricosa -Thick stem Buddha's Belly Bamboo 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
Caesalpinia gilliesii Bird of paradise bush yellow flowers 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
calliandra haematocephala Red Powder Puff 20.0 1520 4.0 40.0 2.0 M
Callistemon viminalis Weeping bottle brush 20.0 1520 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Calotropis procera Dead sea apple 20.0 1520 50.0 2.0 M
Carica papaya Papaya 20.0 1520 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Cassia fistula Golden shower tree 60.0 1520 4.0 60.0 2.0 M
Cassia glauca Cassia glauca 60.0 1520 4.0 60.0 2.0 M
Cassia javanica apple blossom tree South West Architecture 20.0 1520 60.0 2.0 M
Cassia nodosa Pink & white shower 20.0 1520 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Cordia sebestena Scarlet cordia, aloe wood 60.0 As 1520 3.0 60.0 2 m
Dodonaea viscosa Hopseed bush 12.0 1520 3.0 10.0 0.5 m
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis China rose 20.0 Per 1520 3.0 30.0 0.5 m
Jatropha integerrima Peregrina 20.0 1520 3.0 30.0 0.5 m
Lagerstroemia indica Crape myrtle 20.0 Design 1520 3.0 40.0 2.0 M
Lagerstroemia loudonii Thai Bungor 20.0 1520 3.0 40.0 2.0 M
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pride of India 20.0 1520 3.0 40.0 2.0 M
Leucophylum frutescens Texas ranger 20.0 1520 3.0 30.0 0.5 m
Malvaviscus arboreus pendiluflorus Sleepy hibiscus 20.0 1520 3.0 30.0 1 m

Musa paradisiaca Banana 20.0 1520 3.0 50.0 .75 m
Nerium oleander Oleander 20.0 1520 3.0 30.0 1 m
parmentiera edulis Candle Tree 20.0 20.0 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Plumeria obtusa Temple tree 60.0 20.0 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Plumeria rubra acutifolia Temple tree Red flower 60.0 20.0 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka tree 60.0 20.0 3.0 60.0 2.0 M
Punica granatum Pomegranate 60.0 1520 3.0 40.0 2.0 M
Sesbania sesban Sesban 60.0 1520 3.0 40.0 2.0 M
Tamarix sp. Athel tree 20.0 25.0 6.0 50.0 1.5 m
Tecoma stans Yellow bells 20.0 1520 3.0 20.0 1.0 m
Thevetia peruviana nereifolia Yellow oleander 20.0 1520 3.0 20.0 1 m
Vitex agnus castus Hemp tree 20.0 1520 3.0 20.0 0.5 m
Shrubs
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME South West Architecture WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING TOTAL HEIGHT
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Acalypha wilkesiana Irish Petticoat 12.0 20.0 3.0 20.0 0.5 m
Bougainvillea glabra Paper flowers 12.0 20.0 3.0 30.0 1 m
Bougainvillea torch glow Torch Glow 3.0
Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea 12.0 As 30.0 3.0 50.0 1 m
Caesalpinia pulcherrima Barbados pride orange-red flowers 20.0 20.0 3.0 40.0 0.75 m

Carissia grandiflora Natal plum 12.0 Per 20.0 3.0 30.0 0.5 m
Cassia alata the Candle Bush 12.0 20.0 3.0 0.5 m
Cassia bicapsularis Senna 12.0 Design 20.0 3.0 30.0 0.5 m
Cestrum diurnum Day jasmine 12.0 20.0 3.0 20.0 0.5 m
Cestrum nocturnum Night jasmine 12.0 20.0 3.0 20.0 0.5 m
Jasminum sambac Arabian jasmine 20.0 1015 3.0 15.0 0.5 m
Ixora chinensis Flame of the woods 12.0 20.0 3.0 10.0 0.3 m
Ixora coccinea Flame of the woods 12.0 20.0 3.0 10.0 0.3 m
Ixora javanica jungle geranium 12.0 20.0 3.0 10.0 0.3 m
Lantana camara Lantana 12.0 20.0 3.0 25.0 0.3 M
Lantana montevidensis Lantana 12.0 20.0 3.0 25.0 0.3 M
Nandina domestica Sacred bambo 12.0 20.0 3.0 10.0 0.4
Tabernaemontana corymbosa Great Rosebay 12.0 3.0
Tabernaemontana divaricata crepe jasmine 12.0 3.0
Conifers South West Architecture
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING TOTAL HEIGHT
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Cupressus sempervirens Italian cypress 80.0 As Per Design 25.0 3.0 30.0 2.0 M
Hedge
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING TOTALHEIGHT

L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Atriplex halimus Salt bush-high salt tolerant 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Atriplex lentiformis Salt bush 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Clerodendron inerme Wild jasmine 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Dodonaea viscosa Hopseed bush 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Leucophylum frutescens Texas ranger 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Myrtus Communis Myrtle 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Nerium oleander oleander
Ruellia tuberosa Ruellia 12.0 0.4 1015 15.0 0.5 M
Vitex agnus castus Hemp tree 12.0 0.4 15.0 15.0 0.5 M
Succulents & Cactus
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME South West Architecture WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING TOTAL HEIGHT
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Adenium obesum Desert rose o.40 M
Agave americana Century Plant 10.0 30.0 0.3 M
Agave angustifolia variegata Caribbean Agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave attenuata lion's tail 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave elegans Salm-Dyck 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave filifera thread agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave geminiflora Twin-flowered Agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave lechugilla lechuguilla 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave macroacantha Black-spined Agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M

Agave nigra sharkskin agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave potatorum verscafeltii Dwarf Butterfly Agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave pygmaea Dragon Toes 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave stricta A young specimen 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave titanotta Rancho Tambor 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave verschaffeltii Blue Agave 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Agave Victoria regina Queen Victoria agave South West Architecture 10.0 30.0 o.40 M
Aloe vera Berbadensis Medical plant 10.0 As Per Design 20.0 0.3 M
Agave america mediopicta Agave mediopicta 10.0 20.0 0.3 M
Agave Victoria regina Queen Victoria Agave 10.0 20.0 0.3 M
Agave zebra Zebra Agave 10.0 30.0
Alluaudia procera Madagascan Ocotillo 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe arborescens candelabra Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe clavifolia Aanteelaalwyn 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe dichothoma quiver tree 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe littoralis on the coast 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe eru vicornuta 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe excelsa Zimbabwe Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe humilis Spider Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe maculata Zebra Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe marlothii Mountain Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe melanacantha Black-spined Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M

Aloe pelegrae Pauline 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe ramosissima Maiden's Quiver Tree 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe mitriformis Gold Tooth 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe squarrosa Yemen Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe striata coral aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe tharskii the Dune Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe tomentosa Hairy Green Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe vaombe Malagasy Tree Aloe South West Architecture 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe vera Berbadensis Aloe indica royle 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aloe zebrina Zebra Leaf Aloe 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Austrocephalocereus dybowskii Cereus dybowskii 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Austrocephalocereus estevesii Thumbnail 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Aylostera archibuininguiana 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Carnegiea gigantea saguaro cactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
cephalocereus senilis Old Man Cactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Cleistocactus braunii climbing cactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Cleistocactus jujuyensis argentina cactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Cleistocactus strausii silver torch 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Copiapoa cinerea chalky/white stems 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Copiapoa haseltoniana chille cactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Crassula baby jade 10.0 30.0 1.5 M

Cylindropuntia bigelowi 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Didierea madagascariensis Didierea 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Discocactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Dyckia brazilian cactus 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia alba 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia canariensis Canary Island spurge 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphobia enopla 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia erythraea South West Architecture 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia ingens Euphorbia candelabrum 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia lactea brain plant 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia milli Christ plant 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia tirucallii pencil tree 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Euphorbia stenoclada Euphorbia insulae-europae 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Cereus sp. Lady of the night cactus 10.0 35.0 1M
Echinocactus grussonii Golden barrel 10.0 20.0 0.25 M
Euophorbia lactea Mottled Spurge 10.0 20.0 0.35 M
Echinopsis hauscha Red torch cactus 10.0 20.0 0.20 M
Ferocactus sp. Desert Barrel 10.0 20.0 0.25 M
Furcraea gigantea boojum tree
Cephalocerus seniies Old Man Cactus 10.0 20.0 0.35 M
Carnegia giganta Cactus saguaro cactus 10.0 30.0 1M

Mamelaria elongata Monstrous Lady Fingers 10.0 20.0 0.25 M
Melocactus Melon cactus 10.0 20.0 0.25 M
Pachypodium Lamerei Madagascar Palm 10.0 20.0 1M
Portulacaria afra elephant bush
Sansevieria trifasciata bird's nest snake plant
Sansevieria Hahnii baseball bat
Yucca elephantips soft-tip yucca 10.0 30.0 1.5 M
Yucca filamentosa Adam's needle 10.0 30.0 30.0 1.5 M
Vines
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME South West Architecture WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING TOTAL HEIGHT
L/PLANT M CM CM CM CM
Antigonom leptopus Coral vine 12.0 15.0 15.0 1.0 m
Bougainvillea sp Bougainvillea 20.0 As 15.0 15.0 1 m
Clerodendron inerme Wild Jasmine 20.0 15.0 15.0 0.75 m
Ipomoea pes-caprae Beach Morning Glory 12.0 Per 10.0 15.0 0.3 m
Ipomoea palmata Railway creeper 12.0 10.0 15.0 0.3M
Jasminum officinalis grandiflorum Poet's Jasmine 20.0 Design 15.0 15.0 1.0 M
Lonicera sempervirens trumpet vine 20.0 15.0 15.0 1.0 m
Quisqualis indica Rangoon creeper 20.0 15.0 15.0 1.0 m
Ground Covers
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING MIN. POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING REQUIRED SIZE

LTR/M2 PLANT/M2 CM CM CM CM
Alternanthera versicolor red border weed 10.0 9.0 10.0 30.0 0.2 M
Aptenia cordifolia Baby sun rose 10.0 9.0 10.0 30.0 0.2 M
Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus fern 10.0 9.0 10.0 30.0 0.3 M
Asparagus myers Monrovia's Foxtail Fern
Canna indica LanaSouth West Architecture 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 0.3 M
Carissa prostrata Natal plum dwarf 10.0 9.0 10.0 30.0 0.3 M
Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.3 M
Cyperus alternifolius Umbrella sedge 10.0 As Per Design 10.0 10.0 0.3 M
Delaspermum alba White ice plant 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 0.1 M
Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax Lily
Drosantemum hispidum Rose ice plant 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 0.1 M
Euphorbia milii Crown of thorns 10.0 9.0 10.0 20.0 0.3 M
Gazania rigens Treasure flower 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 0.1 M
Ipomea pes-caprae railroad vine 12.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Ipomoea palmata or cairica Railway creeper 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Iresine herbstii Blood leaf 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.2 M
Lampranthus aureus/ Malephora crocea Orange ice plant 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.7 M
Lampranthus spectabilis Training ice plant 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.1 M
Lantana montevidensis Geeper lantana 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Limonium sinuatum Sea-lavender 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.2 M
Ocimum basilicum Sweet basil 10.0 As Per Design 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Osteospermum fruiticosum African daisy 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.2 M

Pennisetum setaceum rubrum Purple fountain grass 10.0 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Pennisetum setaceum Beach grass Fountain grass 10.0 As Per Design 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Portulacaria afra Elephant bush 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.15 M
Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum Chocolate plant dark purple 8.0 15.0 20.0 0.3 m
Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum tricolor Chocolate plant 3 colors 8.0 As Per Design 15.0 20.0 0.3 m
Rhoeo discolor Moses in the cradle, Boat lily 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.2 M
Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary South West Architecture 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.2 M
Russelia equisetiformis Coral plant, firecracker plant 10.0 As Per Design 10.0 1015 0.3 M
Sesuvium portulacastrum Sea pureslane 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.2 M
Setcreasea pallida Purple heart 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.15 M
Verbena peruviana Blood leaf "Springtime" 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.1 M
Wedelia trilobata Creeping daisy 10.0 9.0 10.0 1015 0.15 M
SEASONALS
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME WATER REQUIREMENT SPACING MIN. POT SIZE ROOT BALLDIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING REQUIRED SIZE
LTR/M2 PLANT/M2 CM CM CM CM
Ageratum mexicanum Floss flower 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower

Amaranthus tricolor Joseph's coat 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Antirrhinum majus Floral snapdragon 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Asclepias curassvica Blood flower 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Calendula officinalis Port marigold 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Callistephus chinesis China aster 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Catharanthus roseus Madagasar periwinkle 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Celosia cristata Fair fountains 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Celosia cristata var.nana Cockscomb South West Architecture 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Celosia plumosa Burut plume 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Chrysanthemum carinatum Monarch court 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Chryanthemum morifolium Florist's mum 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Cosmos bipinnatus Mexican aster 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Dianthus barbatus Sweet william 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Dianthus chinensis Chinese pink 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Gaillardia pulchela Blanket flower 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Gazania splendens Gazania 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Gomphrena globosa Globe amaranth red 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Kochia scoparia Summer cypresus 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Lobularia maritima Sweet alysum 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Mathilola incana stock 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Pelargonium x hybrida Garden Geranium 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Pellionia pulchra Training begoria 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Petunia x hybrida Petunia hybrid 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Polianthes tuberosa The pearl 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Portulaca graniflora Moss rose, sun 10.0 9.0 10.0 One
Var.Corniche plant flower

Salvia splendens Scarlet sage 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Senecio cineraria Dusty miller 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Tagetes Marigold 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Verbena peruviana Aztec queen 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Viola tricolour Kiss-me-love 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Zinnia sp. Zinnia 10.0 9.0 10.0 One flower
Grass
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME South West Architecture WATER REQUIREMENT SPACINGMIN. POT SIZE ROOT BALL DIA STEMGIRTH SPREADING REQUIRED SIZE
LTR/M2 PLANT/M2 CM CM CM CM
Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass-High salt tolerant 12 T0 18
Paspalum vaginatum notatum Bahia grass-seashore paspalum 12 TO 18
Zoysia japonica Japanese grass 12 TO 18

Table 9b: Plant List, Spacing and Sizes Required for Ashghal Projects
Palms
Botanical Name Common Name Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/ day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/ day/year Pot Size cm Root Ball dia cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
PALMS
Bismarkia nobilis Bismark Palm 3 80 22 2.0 m

Brahea armata Mexican Blue Palm 3 80 22 40 1.50 m
Chamaerops humilis European Fan Palm 2 70 15 30 1.50 m
Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Fan Palm 2 70 15 40
Cocos nucifera Coconut palm 4 120 29 75 2.0 m
Cycas revoluta Sago palm 3 80 22 25-30 0.50 m
Dioon edule Mexican Cycad 3 80 22 25-30 1.0 m
Elaeis oleifera American oil palm 3 80 22 75 1.50 m
Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Bottle Palm 3 80 22 75 1.25 m
Hyophorbe verschaffeltii Spindle Palm 3 80 22 1.25 m
Livistona chinensis Cabbage Palm 3 80 22 40 2.0 m
Livistona marie "Oombulgurri" Australian Cabbage Palm South West Architecture 3 80 22 40 2.0 m
Livistonia chinensis Chinese Fan Palm 3 80 22 30 1.50 m
Nanorrhops ritcheana Mazari Palm 3 80 22 24
Phoenix canariensis Island Date palm 4 120 29 125 2.0 m
Phoenix dactylifera Date palm 4 120 29 125 2.0 m
Phoenix roebelenii Miniature Date Palm 3 80 22 60 1.0 m
Phoenix roebelenii Miniature Date Palm 3 80 22 40 2.0 m
Phoenix sylvestris Wild Date Palm 4 120 29 40 2.0 m
Roystonea regia Cuban Royal Palm 4 120 29 60 1.50 m
Sabal domingensis Hispaniola Palmetto 4 120 29 60 2.0 m
Washingtonia filifera California Fan Palm 3 80 22 75 2.0 m
Washingtonia robusta Washingtonia Palm 3 80 22 75 2.0 m
Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail Palm 4 120 29 60 1.50 m
Large Evergreen Trees

Botanical Name Common_Name Irrigation_Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spreading cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Acacia abyssinica Nyanga Flat Top 2 70 15 24 10 60
Acacia auriculaformis "Gaypari" Ear Pod Wattle 2 70 15 24 10 60
Acacia pendula "Amata" Weeping Myall South West Architecture 2 70 15 30 10 60 1.0 m
Acacia salicina "Marntala Willow Acacia 2 70 15 30 10 70 1.0 m
Adansonia gregorii "Jamulang" Baobab Tree 4 100 25 40 15 80 1.50 m
Alstonia actinophylla “Jabiru” Australian Milkwood Tree 3 80 22 30 10 80 1.50 m
Alstonia scholaris Milkwood 3 80 22 30 10 80 1.50 m
Brachychiton "Bella Donna" Belladonna Flame Tree 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.20 m
Brachychiton acerifolius “Allowrie” Illawarra Flame Tree 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.20 m
Brachychiton diversifolius Pink Kurrajong 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.20 m
Brachychiton Populneus Bottle tree 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Bucida bucares Antigua Whitewood 3 80 22 40 10 80 1.50 m
Caesalpinia ferrea Leopard Tree 3 80 22 40 10 80 1.50 m
Casuarina equisetifolia Horsetail tree, Australian Pine 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Chorisia speciosa Bottle tree 3 80 22 35 50 100 2.0 m
Corymbia apperinja "Alice Para" White Gum 2 70 15 24 10 70 1.20 m
Erythrina orientalis variegata "Ngukurr" Variegated Coral Tree 4 100 25 24 10 80 1.50 m

Eucalyptus bigalareta "Mijilypa" Northern Salmon Gum 3 80 22 24 10 75 1.50 m
Ficus altissima Council tree 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Ficus benghalensis Banyan Tree 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.0 m
Ficus religiosa Peepul Tree 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.0 m
Ficus religiosa Sacred ficus 4 100 25 25 8 50 1.50 m
Ficus salicifolia Willow Leaf Fig 2 70 15 24 10 80 1.0 m
Ficus sycomorus Mulberry Fig 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.0 m
Mangifera indica Mango Tree 3 80 22 40 10 80 1.0 m
Millingtonia hortensis Tree Jasmine 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.0 m
Moringa oleifera Horse radish tree 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem thorn 2 70 15 25 8 50 1.50 m
Pithecelobium dulce Manila Tamarird 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Prosopis alba White Carob Tree 2 70 15 25 8 50 1.50 m
Prosopis cinerarea Ghaf Tree 2 70 15 20 8 80 1.0 m
Prosopis juliflora Honey Mesquite 2 70 15 25 8 50 1.50 m
Schinus molle Pink pepper, Peruvian Pepper South West Architecture 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Tamarindus indica Tamarind 3 80 22
Terminalia arjuna Arjun Tree 3 80 22 33 10 75 1.0 m
Terminalia cattapa Indian almond 3 80 22 25 8 50 1.50 m
Zizyphus jujuba Chinese date 3 80 22 25 8 50
Zizyphus spinachristi Sidr 2 70 15 25 8 50 1.50 m
Medium Evergreen Trees
Botanical Name Common Name Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/ day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/ year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spreading cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size

Acacia Arabica see A.nilotica Arabian acacia 2 70 15 24 10 50 1.50 m
Acacia arnesiana Yellow Mimosa 2 70 15 20 6 50 1.50 m
Acacia nilotica Scented Acacia 2 70 15 24 10 50 1.50 m
Calliandra haematocephala Powder Puff 2 70 15 40 10 80 1.50 m
Cassia brewsterii Velvet Cassia 3 80 22 20 8 75 0.75 m
Cassia grandis Coral Shower 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.0 m
Cassia roxburghii Red Cassia 3 80 22 24 10 80 1.0 m
Casuarina cristata Belah 2 70 15 24 8 60
Dalbergia sissoo Indian Rosewood 3 80 22 20 6 50 1.50 m
Pongamia pinnata Pongam 3 80 22 33 10 80 1.0 m
Saraca indica Ashok 3 80 22 33 10 50 1.0 m
Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian Pepper Tree 2 70 15 20 6 50 1.50 m
Tabebuia rosea White Trumpet Tree 3 80 22 20 6 50 1.50 m
Tipuana tipu Rosewood Tree 3 80 22 24 8 50 1.0 m
Xanthorrhoea australis Grass Tree 2 70 15 20 12 35 1.0 m
Semi Deciduous Trees
Botanical Name Common NameSouth West Architecture Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/ day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/ year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spread cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Albizia julibrissin Silk tree, Mimosa 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Albizia lebbeck Woman's Tongue 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Azadirachta indica Neem tree 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Bauhinia variegata Orchid tree 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Delonix elata Royal Poinciana, Flame Tree 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m

Delonix regia Flame of forest 4 100 25 20 8 50 1.50 m
Melia azedarach China Berry 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Morus alba White Mulberry 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Morus nigra Black mulberry 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Peltophoroum inerme Yellow Poinciana 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m
Thespesia populnea Portia Tree 3 80 22 20 8 50 1.50 m

Small Trees or Large Shrubs
Botanical Name Common NameSouth West Architecture Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/ day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spreading cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ RequiredSize
Acacia anthochaera Kimberley's Wattle 2 20 4 20 6
Acacia colei Australian Soap Wattle 2 20 4 20 8 60
Acacia cowleana Halls Creek Wattle 2 20 4 20 8 50
Acacia ehrenbergiana Salam 1 25 2 20 8 50
Acacia etbaica Arad 2 20 4 20 8 50
Acacia gerardii Grey Haired Acacia 2 20 4 20 8 50
Acacia jennerae Coonavittra wattle 2 20 4 20 8 50
Acacia kempeana Wanderry Wattle 2 20 4 15 6 30
Acacia mountfordiae Mountford's Wattle 2 20 4 20 8 50
Acacia saligna "Cujong" Golden Wreath Wattle 2 20 4 20 8 50 1.0 m
Acacia tortillis Samr 1 25 2 20 10 60 1.0 m
Boswellia sacra Frankincense Tree 2 20 4 20 8 60 1.0 m
Caesalpinia gilliesii Bird of Paradise Bush 3 20 5 1520 40 0.50 m
Calliandra haematocephala Red Powder Puff 3 20 5 1520 40 1.0 m

Callistemon viminalis “Tubada” Australian Weeping bottle brush 3 20 5 1520 3 60 1.0 m
Callophyllum inophyllum Beauty Leaf 3 20 5 24 10 80 1.0 m
Calotropis procera Dead Sea Apple 1 25 2 1520 50 0.50 m
Carica papaya Papaya 4 25 7 1520 3 60 1.50 m
Cassia biflora Desert Cassia 2 20 4 20 8 50 0.75 m
Cassia fistula Golden Shower Tree 3 20 5 1520 4 60 1.50 m
Cassia glauca Kalamona 3 20 5 20 8 50 0.75 m
Cassia javanica Apple Blossom Tree South West Architecture 3 20 5 1520 60 1.0 m
Cassia nodosa 3 20 5 1520 60 1.0 m
Commyphora myrrha Myhrr 2 20 4 20 10 50
Cordia lutea Yellow Geiger Tree 3 20 5 20 10 50
Cordia sebestena Scarlet Cordia, Aloe Wood 3 20 5 1520 60 2.0 m
Dodonaea viscosa Hopseed Bush 2 20 4 1520 10 0.50 m
Dracaena draeco Dragon Tree 3 20 5 20 75
Eremophila longifolia "Tulypurpa" Weeping Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Eucalyptus lucens "Manyuwan" Shiny Leaved Mallee 2 20 4 20 8 50
Eucalyptus miniata Darwin Woolly Butt 3 20 5 15 8 50
Eucalyptus thozetiana Thozets Gum 2 20 4 15 8 50
Geijera parviflora Wilga 2 20 4 20 10 75
Gossypium australe "Nurom" Australian Desert Rose 1 25 2 15 80
Gossypium bickii Desert Rose 1 25 2 15 80
Gossypium darwinii Darwin's Cotton 2 20 4 15 80

Gossypium sturtianum "Kintore' Sturt's Desert Rose 2 20 4 15 80
Hibiscus rosasinensis China Rose 3 20 5 1520 30 0.50 m
Hibiscus tiliaecius Sea Hibiscus 3 20 5 20 10 50
Jatropha integerrima Peregrina 3 20 5 1520 30 0.50 m
Lagerstroemia indica Crepe Myrtle 3 20 5 1520 3 40 1.50 m
Lagerstroemia speciosa Pride of India 3 20 5 24 40 1.0 m
Leptadenia pyrotechnica Firecracker Plant 1 25 2 15 80
Leucophylum frutescens Texas Ranger 2 20 4 1520 30 0.50 m
Mauera crassifolia 2 20 4 24 8 80 1.0 m
Malvaviscus arboreus pendiluflorus Sleepy Hibiscus South West Architecture 3 20 5 1520 30 1.0 m
Melaleuca bracteata Black Ti Tree 3 20 5 24 8 50
Melaleuca quinquenervia Paperbark 3 20 5 24 10 50
Moringa perigrina Drumstick Tree 2 20 4 20 8 80
Musa paradisiaca Banana 4 25 7 1520 50 0.75 m
Myoporum floribundum Weeping Boobialla 2 20 4 20 8 80
Nerium oleander Oleander 2 20 4 1520 30 1.0 m
Olea europea Olive 2 20 4 20 6 60 1.50 m
Pandanus utilis "Arkaroola" Screw Palm 3 20 5 20 50
Pandanus viethchii Variegated Screw palm 3 20 5 20 50
Plumeria obtusa Temple Tree 3 20 5 20 3 60 1.50 m
Plumeria rubra acutifolia Temple Tree 3 20 5 20 3 60 1.50 m

Polyalthea longifolia Mast Tree 3 20 5 33 75
Punica granatum Pomegranate 3 20 5 1520 3 40 1.50 m
Scaevola frutescens Beach Naupaka 3 20 5 20 40
Tabebuia argentea Silver Trumpet Tree 3 20 5 33 10 50 1.0 m
Tabebuia spectabilis Yellow Tabebuia 3 20 5 33 10 50 1.0 m
Tamarix aphylla Tamarix or Athol Tree 2 20 4 15 30
Tamarix sp. Athel Tree 2 20 4 25 6 50 1.50 m
Tecoma stans Yellow Bells 2 20 4 1520 20 1.0 m
Tecomella undulata Roheda 2 20 4 20 10 50 1.0 m
Thevetia peruviana nereifolia Yellow Oleander 3 20 5 1520 20 1.0 m
Vitex agnus castus Chaste Tree 2 20 4 1520 20 0.50 m
Vitex purpurea Arabian Lilac 2 20 4 20 50
Zizyphus numalaria Jahrber 2 20 4 20 8 30
Shrubs
Botanical Name Common NameSouth West Architecture Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/ day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spreading cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Acacia simsii Sims wattle 2 20 4 20 6 40
Acacia victoriae "Alita" Elegant Wattle 1 25 2 20 6 50
Acalypha wilkesiana 3 20 5 20 20 0.50 m
Aerva javanica Desert Cotton or Snow Bush 1 25 2 15 5 30
Atriplex numalaria Old Man Saltbush 1 25 2 15 30
Bougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea 2 20 4 20 30 1.0 m

Caesalpinia pulcherrima Barbados Pride 3 20 5 20 40 0.75 m
Calligonum comosum Arta 1 25 2 15 60
Carissa edulis Akamba Bush 2 20 4 20 50
Carissia grandiflora Natal plum 2 20 4 20 30 0.50 m
Cassia alata 3 20 5 20 0.50 m
Cassia bicapsularis Senna 3 20 5 20 30 0.50 m
Cestrum diurnum Day Jasmine 2 20 4 20 20 0.50 m
Cestrum nocturnum Night Jasmine 3 20 5 20 20 0.50 m
Crotalaria cunninghamiana Bird Flower 2 20 4 15 30
Duranta repens Blue Butterfly Bush 3 20 5 20 50
Eremophila alternifolia "Irmangka" Narrow Leaved Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila bignoniflora x polyclada "Kurubimi" White Emu Bush South West Architecture 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila christopheri "Areyonga" Blue Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila maculata " Brevifolia Eridunda" Red Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila maculata "Atitjere" Red Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila obovata 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila polyclada "Imampa" Fine Leaf Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Eremophila racemosa Pink Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 0
Eremophila Summertime Blue Deep Blue Emu Bush 1 25 2 15 20
Euphorbia larica 1 25 2 15 60
Galphimia glauca 3 20 5 15 80

Haloxylon salicornicum Rimth 1 25 2 15 50
Ixora chinensis Flame of the Woods 3 20 5 20 10 0.30 m
Jasminum sambac Arabian Jasmine 3 20 5 10-15 15 0.50 m
Lantana camara Lantana 3 20 5 20 25 0.30 m
Lawsonia inermis Henna 2 20 4 20 10 0.50 m
Malvaviscus arboreus Turks Cap 3 20 5 15 80
Ochradenus baccatus 2 20 4 15 30
Pachypodium lamerei Madagascar Palm 3 12-15 1015 0.50 m
Pandanus singaporensis pygmaeus Dwarf Variegated Screw Palm South West Architecture 3 20 5 20 30
Radyera farragei Desert Rose Mallow 2 20 4 15 30
Senna artemisioides Narrow Leaf Desert Cassia 2 20 4 15 30
Senna desolata sturtii Sturts Senna 1 25 2 15 30
Tabernaemontana divaricata Pin Wheel Flower 3 20 5 20 30
Conifers
Botanical Name Common Name Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/ day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spread cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Callitris intratropica "Oenpelli" Blue Cypress Pine 3 80 22 24 8 80
Callitris preissii Cypress pine 2 70 15 24 8 60
Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 2 70 15 25 3 30 1.50 m
Hedge

Botanical Name Common Name Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/m2/day Mean Daily Demandl/m2/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spread cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Atriplex halimus Salt Bush 1 12 1.2 15 15 0.50 m
Atriplex lentiformis Salt Bush 2 10 1.9 15 15 0.50 m
Clerodendron inerme Wild Jasmine 3 10 2.5 15 15 0.50 m
Dodonaea viscosa Hopseed Bush 2 10 1.9 15 15 0.50 m
Leucophylum frutescens Texas Ranger 2 10 1.9 15 15 0.50 m
Vitex agnus castus Chaste Tree 2 10 1.9 15 15 0.50 m
Succulents
Botanical Name Common NameSouth West Architecture Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/m2/day Mean Daily Demandl/m2/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spreading cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ RequiredSize
Agave "Victoria Regina" Queen Victoria Agave 2 10 1.9 20 0.30 m
Agave america mediopicta Agave 2 10 1.9 20 0.30 m
Agave americana Century Plant 2 10 1.9 30 0.30 m
Agave attenuata 2 10 1.9 20 0.30 m
Agave parryi 2 10 1.9 20 0.30 m
Aloe africana 2 10 1.9 20 0.30 m
Aloe claviflora 2 10 1.9 20 0.10 m
Aloe debrana 2 10 1.9 20 0.10m
Aloe rupestris 2 10 1.9 20 0.20 m
Aloe sessiflora Lebombo Aloe 2 10 1.9 20 0.20 m
Aloe striata Coral Aloe 2 10 1.9 20 0.20 m

Aloe vera medical plant 2 10 1.9 20 0.30 m
Euophorbia lactea Mottled Spurge 1 12 1.2 20 0.35 m
Kalanchoe diagremontiana 2 10 1.9 15 0.15 m
Kalanchoe rotundifolia 2 10 1.9 1215 0.15 m
Mamelaria elongata Monstrous Lady Fingers 1 12 1.2 20 0.25 m
Yucca elephantipes Soft-Tip Yucca 3 10 2.5 30 1.50 m
Yucca filamentosa Adam's needle 3 10 2.5 30 30 1.50 m
Vines
Botanical Name Common NameSouth West Architecture Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/plant/day Mean Daily Demandl/plant/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spreading cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Antigonom leptopus Coral vine 3 20 5 15 15 1.0 m
Bougainvillea sp Bougainvillea 2 20 4 20 15 1.0 m
Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea 2 20 4 20 15 1.0 m
Clitoria ternata Butterfly Pea 3 20 5 15 1.0 m
Clytostoma callistegioides Lavender Trumpet Vine 3 20 5 20 1.0 m
Cryptostegia madagascarensis Rubber Vine 3 20 5 15 1.0 m
Dipladenia sanderi Brazilian Jasmine 3 20 5 20 1.0 m
Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina Jasmine 3 20 5 20 1.50 m
Ipomea pes-caprae 3 20 5 10 15 0.30 m
Ipomoea palmata Railway creeper 3 20 5 10 15 0.30 m
Jacquemontia violaceae Sapphire Vine 3 20 5 15 80

Jasminum officinalis "Grandiflorum" 3 20 5 15 15 1.0 m
Lonicera sempervirens 3 20 5 15 15 1.0 m
Petrea volubilis Purple Wreath 3 20 5 20 30
Pyrostegia venusta Flame Vine 3 20 5 15 50
Quisqualis indica Rangoon Creeper 3 20 5 15 15 1.0 m
Tecoma capensis Cape Honeysuckle 2 20 4 20 30
Ground covers
Botanical Name Common NameSouth West Architecture Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/m2/day Mean Daily Demandl/m2/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spread cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Alternanthera versicolor 3 10 2.5 10 30 0.20 m
Aptenia cordifolia Baby sun rose 2 10 1.9 10 30 0.20 m
Arctotis hybrids 2 10 1.9 15 15
Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus fern 3 10 2.5 10 30 0.30 m
Atriplex semibaccata Australian Saltbush 1 12 1.2 15 10
Canavalia rosea Beach Pea 2 10 1.9 15 50
Canna indica Lana 4 12 3.2 10 10 0.30 m
Carissa prostrata Natal plum dwarf 3 10 2.5 10 30 0.30 m
Clianthus formosus Sturts Desert Pea 1 12 1.2 15 35
Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass 3 10 2.5 10 10 0.30 m
Crassula multicava 2 10 1.9 15 15
Cuphea mexicana compacta Mexican Heather 3 10 2.5 15 15
Cyperus alternifolius Umbrella sedge 4 12 3.2 10 10 0.30 m

Delaspermum alba White ice plant 2 10 1.9 10 10 0.10 m
Drosantemum hispidum Rose ice plant 2 10 1.9 10 10 0.10 m
Echeveria elegans 2 10 1.9 15 10
Encelia farinosa 2 10 1.9 15 10
Eremophila
arookara Arakoora Emu Bush 1 12 1.2 15 20
"Amoonguna"
Euphorbia milii Crown of Thorns 2 10 1.9 10 20 0.30 m
Frankenia hirsuta Hairy Sea Heath 1 12 1.2 15 10
Gazania rigens Treasure flower 2 10 1.9 10 10 0.10 m
Heliotropium curassavicum Wild Heliotrope South West Architecture 1 12 1.2 1215 25
Ipomea pes-caprae Railroad Vine 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.30 m
Ipomoea batata Ornamental Sweet Potato 3 10 2.5 15 20
Ipomoea palmata Railway creeper 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.30 m
Iresine herbstii Blood leaf 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.20 m
Lampranthus aurantiacus 2 10 1.9 1215 30
Lampranthus aureus Orange Ice Plant 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.70 m
Lampranthus saturatus 2 10 1.9 1215 30
Lampranthus spectabilis Trailing Ice Plant 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.10 m
Lantana montevidensis Geeper lantana 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.30 m
Limmonium axillare 1 12 1.2 1215 20
Limonium sinuatum Sea-Lavender 1 12 1.2 10 1015 0.20 m

Lippia nodiflora Lippia 3 10 2.5 1215 10
Ocimum basilicum Sweet basil 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.30 m
Osteospermum fruiticosum African daisy 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.20 m
Pedilanthus thymaloides 3 10 2.5 1215 15
Pennisetum setaceum Beach grass Fountain grass 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.30 m
Pennisetum setaceum rubrum Purple fountain grass South West Architecture 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.30 m
Portulacaria afra Jade Plant 2 10 1.9 10 1015
Pseuderanthemum
atropurpureum Chocolate Plant 3 10 2.5 15 20 0.30 m
tricolor
Rhoeo discolor Moses in the Cradle, Boat lily 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.20 m
Rhoeo spathacea Moses In The Cradle 3 10 2.5 1215 10
Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.20 m
Ruellia tuberosa Ruellia 3 10 2.5 1015 15 0.50 m
Russelia equisetiformis Coral plant, Firecracker Plant 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.30 m
Sesuvium portulacastrum Sea Pureslane 2 10 1.9 10 1015 0.20 m
Setcreasea pallida Purple Heart 3 10 2.5 10 1015 0.15 m
Tradescantia pallida Purple Heart 3 10 2.5 1215 10
Verbena tenuisecta Moss Verbena 3 10 2.5 1215 10
Vitex rotundifolia Beach Vitex 2 10 1.9 1215 20

Dianthus chinensis Chinese Pink 10 10 10 One flower
Gaillardia pulchela Blanket Flower 10 10 10 One flower
Gazania splendens Gazania 10 10 10 One flower
Gomphrena globosa Globe Amaranth 10 10 10 One flower
Kochia scoparia Summer Cypresus 10 10 10 One flower
Lobularia maritima Sweet Alysum South West Architecture 10 10 10 One flower
Mathilola incana 10 10 10 One flower
Pelargonium x hybrida Garden Geranium 10 10 10 One flower
Pellionia pulchra Training Begoria 10 10 10 One flower
Petunia x hybrida Petunia Hybrid 10 10 10 One flower
Polianthes tuberosa The Pearl 10 10 10 One flower
Portulaca graniflora var. Corniche Moss Rose, Sun Plant 10 10 10 One flower
Salvia splendens Scarlet Sage 10 10 10 One flower
Senecio cineraria Dusty Miller 10 10 10 One flower
Tagetes Marigold 10 10 10 One flower
Verbena peruviana Aztec Queen 10 10 10 One flower
Viola tricolour Kiss-Me-Love 10 10 10 One flower
Zinnia sp. Zinnia 10 10 10 One flower
Grass

Botanical Name Common Name Irrigation Group Peak Daily Demand l/m2/day Mean Daily Demandl/m2/day/year Pot Size cm Stem girth cm Spread cm Clear Trunk/ TotalHeight/ Required Size
Cybopogon ambiguus Australian Lemon Grass 2 10 1.9 15 20
Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass 3 10 2.5 15 15
Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass 3 10 2.5
Imperata cylindrica Blood Grass 3 10 2.5 15 0
Paspalum vaginatum notatum Bahia grass, Seashore Paspalum South West Architecture 3 10 2.5
Pennesetum villosum African Fountain Grass 2 10 1.9 15 30
Pennisetum divisum Dwarf Fountain Grass 1 12 1.2 15 30
Pennisetum macrourum African Feathergrass 2 10 1.9 15 30
Stipagrostis plumosa Desert Grass 2 10 1.9 1215 20
Zoysia japonica Japanese Grass 3 10 2.5

1.5.10 Edging Plant Beds
1 Planting beds shall be uniformly edged, using a sharp tool to provide a clear cut division line between the planted area and adjacent area and to provide the required shape. The entire planted area shall be raked smooth while retaining the earth saucers.
2 Edging materials shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
1.5.11 Mulch
1 Mulch shall be spread to a uniform depth of 100 mm no later than 48 hours after planting. Mulch should be kept out of lawn areas, crowns of shrubs and off paved areas and buildings.
1.5.12 Watering of Plants
1 The contractor shall water the plants as necessary to maintain an adequate supply of moisture within the root zone and maintain healthy growth. The water shall be allowed to flow gently around the plant and shall not be delivered to cause disturbance to the roots or soil. Run-off, puddling and wilting shall be prevented. Earth saucers shall be rebuilt as needed to retain water.

1.5.13 Pruning
1 Immediately after planting, all plants are to be pruned as directed by the Engineer and in accordance with accepted horticultural practices. The total amount of foliage shall be pruned by one fourth to one third on the installed trees and shrubs to compensate for loss of roots and transporting shock. Pruning shall be done to carefully. Any damaged, dead or diseased branches shall be cut back and any weak or malformed growth shall be removed. The typical growth habit of the individual plant shall be retained.
2 Cuts shall be clean and shall be made flush with the parent trunk or branch. Improper cuts, stubs, dead and broken branches shall be removed. Right angle cuts to the line of growth shall not be permitted. Trees shall not be poled or the leader removed, nor shall the leader be pruned or topped off. Cuts or wounds shall be painted with an appropriate wound dressing.
1.5.14 Anti-Desiccant Application
1 Plants requiring additional protection against wilt and shock shall be sprayed with antidesiccant in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
1.5.15 Clean up and Site Restoration
1 Excess and waste material shall be removed daily. Pavements and work areas shall be kept in a clean and orderly fashion. Pedestrian access points and vehicular access points shall be maintained and kept clear at all times. All rubbish and litter shall be cleared as it accumulates within the landscape work area.
2 When planting and turf work has been completed, all debris including subsoil, excess agricultural soil, litter, and debris shall be removed and disposed of at a location as agreed with the Engineer
3 Existing turf areas, pavements and facilities that have been damaged from planting operations shall be restored to the original condition at the Contractor’s expense.
1.5.16 Maintenance during Planting Operations
1 Newly installed plants shall be maintained in a healthy growing condition.
2 Maintenance operations shall begin immediately after each plant is installed and shall continue until the plant establishment period commences.
3 Maintenance includes watering, pruning, wound dressing, straightening and other necessary operations.
4 Plant beds and saucers shall be kept free of weeds and other undesired vegetation.
5 Plants shall be checked for settlement and shall be reset to the proper level as necessary.

1.6 EXISTING LANDSCAPING
1.6.1 Care of Existing Landscaping
1 Where construction procedures or site conditions may cause damage or impact to existing
landscaping, it shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to take measures as described below
to protect and maintain such plant materials throughout the duration of the project, or to replace such materials at his own expense if accepted by the Engineer.
1.6.2 Identification of Existing Plants
1 Existing plants shall be tagged with a durable, waterproof and weather resistant label indicating the correct plant name. Labels shall be securely attached and not removed until directed by the Engineer.
1.6.3 Watering and Fertilizing Existing Non Native Trees
1 Holes at 600 mm centres shall be dug by hand or with a mechanical device, a minimum 40 mm in diameter and 500 mm deep, over the outer half of the branch spread zone of each tree.
2 Slow release fertiliser shall be placed in each hole to within 100 mm of the surrounding ground level.
3 The holes shall be backfilled with approved soil.
4 Plants shall be irrigated regularly to maintain them in good condition and where necessary a 150mm earth berm shall be formed to contain the water within the plants root zone
1.6.4 Fertilizing Existing Non Native Shrubs and Groundcover Beds
1 Existing shrubs and groundcover beds shall be topdressed with slow release fertiliser. Fertiliser adhering to plants shall be flushed with water.
1.6.5 Watering Native Trees, Shrubs and Groundcovers
1 Existing plants shall be irrigated regularly to maintain them in good condition and where necessary a 150mm earth berm shall be formed to contain the water within the plants root zone.
1.6.6 Pruning and Cavity Work
1 A suitably qualified tree surgeon shall perform the required pruning and cavity work on existing plants. Sucker growth, deadwood larger than 15 mm in diameter, branches interfering with or hindering growth of plants and diseased branches shall be removed.
2 The contractor shall cut back or remove branches as necessary to give plants proper shape and balance.
3 Stubs, improper cuts and broken limbs shall be removed.
4 Cuts shall be clean and shall be made flush with the parent limb or trunk. Cuts, wounds and cavity work shall be painted with an appropriate tree wound dressing.

1.7 PLANTING MATERIALS
1.7.1 General
1 Planting materials are to comply with BS 3936: 1980 and Part 10: 1981, free from pest and diseases, representative of their species or variety, or size not less than specified in plants Table Table 9a and 9b, with well-branched head and vigorous root system, free from injury and obtained from a nursery or other approved sources.
2 All plants and turf material will conform to the varieties specified or shown in the Project Documentation and be true to the botanical name as listed in publications.
3 Substitutions shall only be made when a plant or alternative as specified is not obtainable and the Engineer authorises a change order providing for use of the nearest equivalent obtainable.
4 Plants shall be supplied from localities similar to the climatic conditions of the Project.
1.7.2 Nomenclature
1 The Contractor shall ensure that nomenclature of trees and plants shown on the drawings conform to the approved standards and literatures of this section.
2 Trees are to have straight trunks or trunks characteristics of species, well-shaped tops, and intact leaders and are to be undercut at least once in the nursery. All trees are to be supplied earth balled and hessian covered or container grown. Trees shall be of the quantities, species, and sizes as shown in plants table Table 9a and 9b defining the perimeter or the circumference of the trunk measured at 1.50 m from the base.
3 Fruit trees shall be grafted on true rootstock, graft to be at least 20 about planting soil level, one meter minimum height or as specified by the Engineer.
4 Palms are to have crown of new leaves, proper colour of leaves of adult palms, and sufficient hardiness. Palms are to be supplied earth balled and hessian covered, with the exception of imported palms, handling of which may be subject to government current regulations. Palms shall be of the quantities, species, and sizes as shown in the plant materials schedule in the drawings.
(a) Date palms to be minimum 2 m and maximum 3 m straight clear trunk female type
local variety of “KHALAS, KHNAIZI, SHISHI, OR BERHI” from approved nursery.
Height of palms shall be as per plants Table Table 9a & 9b.
(b) Palm trees could be imported if not available locally but the root system shall be at least 30 cm around the base of the tree in all direction. Local palm trees shall have a root zone at least 50 cm around the base of the tree in all direction.
5 Shrubs are to be well grown and filled out. Deciduous shrubs may be supplied bare rooted, earth balled, or container grown. Evergreen shrubs and vines are to be either earth balled or container grown. Shrubs shall be of the quantities, species and sizes as shown in the plants table Table 9a & 9b.
6 Hedges shall have a spacing of 30 to 50 cm and height as specified in plants table Table 9a & 9b and planted as single row in one straight continuous trench.

7 Ground covers and succulents plants which are provided in pots and other containers and which have been acclimatized to outside conditions are acceptable provided they are equal in quantity to field grown stock and are not root bound. Ground cover plants shall be of the species, sizes, and spacing shown on the plant materials schedule plants table Table 9a & 9b.
1.7.3 Guaranties – Planting Material
1 The Contractor shall certify in writing that all plant material of each consignment delivered to site to be utilized will be according to these specifications are true to their species. If contractor supply through import, he shall submit a guaranty of availability of plants with specified characteristics sizes, height, calipers etc. Issued by the supplier for engineer’s approval.
2 The Contractor shall also submit certificate of origin, phyto sanitary certificate and certificate of guarantee from supplier stating that the imported plants are true to the specified species-varieties for engineer’s approval.
3 If the plants are to be grown in Qatar, samples of all specified varieties shall be submitted in the form of a reserved plot at the mother nursery ready for inspection and approval by the Engineer.
4 Due to some project need the Engineer could ask for site nursery to be used for storing and caretaking of plants prior to planting. This site nursery shall have its own water tanks, power, shade and irrigation system.
5 Trees, shrubs, ground cover and grass shall be guaranteed for the duration of the 400 days maintenance period. Palm trees shall be guaranteed for a period of 400 calendar days after installation approval.
1.7.4 Accessories
1 Stakes for Trees:
(a)
De-barked timber, straight, free of knots, splits or other projections, pointed at the end, lower end to min. 15 cm above grade level shall be treated with non-injurious wood preservative carried out at least two weeks before stakes are used, minimum section 50 mm and length 2 m depending on height of a tree. The stakes shall be laid 50 cm deep in the soil.

(b)
Position two stakes close to tree but outside the perimeter of the root-ball, and drive vertically a minimum 50 cm into pit and until top of stake is required height.

2 Stakes for Small Shrubs and Hedges:
(a)
De|-barked timber, straight, free of knots, splits or other projections, pointed at the end, lower end to min. 15 cm above grade level shall be treated with non-injurious wood preservative carried out at least two weeks before stakes are used, minimum section 25 mm and length depending on height of a shrub or hedge. The stakes shall be laid 30 cm deep in the soil.

(b)
Position one stake close to shrub or hedge but outside the perimeter of the root-ball, and drive vertically a minimum 30 cm into pit and until top of stake is required height.

3 Protection shelter for fruit and specimen trees shall be made of 4 wood stakes 2 meter long, 5x5 cm section and 30 cm deep in the ground at 10 cm away from tree branches. The wooden stakes are wrapped with shade net 70% shade factor and braced one to the other on top.
4 Guys for Palms: Only for palms with root balls less than 40 cm. Palms shall be tied to the ground from 50 cm below crown with three gI wire placed inside a 15 mm Polyethylene Tube around the palm trunk, and tied to steel anchors dug 60 cm deep into the soil and flush with ground level.
5 Tree Stakes Wires: 3 mm diameter, solid galvanized wire in suitable lengths fixed to a position approximately two thirds of a tree height, looped around the stem and protected by an approved tree-tie.
6 Twine for Tying: lightly tarred medium or coarse sisal yarn.
7 Burlap: jute of 0.20 kg/m2 or cloth having same strength and resistance to tearing and capable of rotting in the ground.
8 Plastic Mowing Strip: Super-Edge made of durable, flexible polypropylene.
(a)
The edge shall have 3.5 to 4% carbon black concentrate added for UV stabilization and medium density with a melt factor under 2. Minimum average thickness shall be 95/1000 to 95/1000 of an inch.

(b)
Overall height shall be 5 inches minimum. Top edge shall have a 1 inch horizontal circle and galvanized steel anchoring stakes at least every 2 meters.

A 15 years guarantee shall be given against cracking, rot, disintegration and manufacturer defects.
9 Rubber Ties: Shall be manufactured from UV stabilize rubber or equal approved by engineer.
(a)
It shall be ideally suitable for outdoor application.

(b)
The type of rubber ties shall be chain look or strap or twist look or equivalent.

10 Labels: Each plant, or group of plants or container of the same species, variety, and size of plant, shall be legibly tagged with a durable, waterproof and weather resistant label indicating the correct plant name and reference number if applicable. Labels shall be securely attached and not removed.
1.7.5 Transplanting Plants
1 Certificates: provide manufacturer’s or supplier’s certified analysis for fertilizer materials and other substantiating that materials comply with specified requirements.
2 Samples: submit samples of materials for approval. For standard products, the
manufacturer’s analysis will be acceptable. For all other materials, analysis is to be provided
by recognized laboratories.

3 Inspection: the Engineer reserves the right to inspect trees and shrubs either at place of growth or on site before planting, to verify compliance with requirements for names, variety, size and quality, condition of root systems, presence of insects, injuries, and latent defects. Remove rejected trees and shrubs immediately from site at Contractor expenses.
4 Planting Schedule: the Contractor shall submit planting schedules, showing proposed planting dates for each type of planting to be approved by the Engineer taking into consideration season limitation on planting seasonal plants, grass, and palms.
5 Packaged Materials: deliver packaged material in unopened containers showing weight, analysis, and name of manufacturer. Protect materials from deterioration during delivery and while stored in site. Damaged materials are to be replaced as required.
6 Manufacturers’ Recommendations: apply fertilizer, herbicides and the like strictly in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations, observe all precautions. Remove containers from site when no longer required.
1.7.6 Planting Time
1 Plant during normal planting seasons for each type of plant as approved by the Engineer.
2 Do not plant when soil is waterlogged or excessively dry or when persistent cold or drying winds are likely to occur, obtain approval from the Company to vary planting dates if special conditions so warrant.
3 Give the Engineer 48 hours notice before commencing planting, maintenance, or replacement work using checklists supplied by the Engineer.
4 No planting shall be carried out during periods of heavy rain, sandstorms, heavy winds, or during intense daytime heat. Plants and trees shall only be moved or planted between mid-September and mid-May.
5 When special conditions warrant a variance to the planting time and conditions, a proposed planting schedule shall be submitted to the Engineer for review and approval. In such cases, the planting will be installed at no additional cost and all conditions and obligations such as maintenance and warranty remain the same as specified herein
1.7.7 Water Consumption
1 Daily water requirement for different plant type is as shown below in Table 10
(a)
Daily water requirement will differ depending on season and particular type of ground cover and shrub species.

(b)
During Rain: Irrigation system feeding drip emitters shall be switched off, when precipitation rate exceeds 12mm, otherwise allow for more salt leaching effects to happen.

Table 10:
Peak Daily Water Requirements See Irrigation 2.6.1 for details

Plant Type Daily Water Requirement
Palms 120 ltr/day/palm
Large trees 80 ltr/day/per tree
Small trees 60 ltr/day/tree
Ground cover 10 ltr/day/m2
Seasonals 10 ltr/day/m2
Hedges 12 ltr/day/m length
Large shrub 20 ltr/day/plant
Small shrub 8 ltr/day/plant
Grass 12-18 ltr/day/m2

Note the above rates are peak rates for maximum demand volume calculations. Seasonal gradation needs to be calculated for annual irrigation water budget as per Section 28 Part02 Irrigation system Appendix 2.6.1. Actual irrigation water scheduling shall be based on weather station to ensure only the required water is delivered to the plant
1.7.8 Percolation Test
1 Fill each planting pit with irrigation water and ensure that the water can drain away. In case of poor drainage, a percolation test shall be carried out and drainage holes augured if required.
2 Percolation Test Procedure:
(a)
One day prior to the test the pit/bed shall be filled with water.

(b)
A marker bar is placed in the pit/ bed before the test is performed.

(d)
The test is monitored over a period of one hour. If the water level drops by 20 mm. or more within that time the pit/ bed passes.

(e)
If a pit/ bed fail the percolation test, boreholes shall be augured 2 No/tree pit or 10 m spacing in planting beds. Tests shall repeat at each 0.5 m depth of borehole until the test is passed.

1.7.9 Installation for Trees and Shrubs
1 Plants shall be handled carefully and arranged so they take full advantage of the individual character of each plant in relationship to other plants.

2 Plants shall be placed in the centre of each pit, set plumb and held in place until sufficient backfill mixture has been firmly placed around the root ball. Plants shall be placed so that the level at which they were set with respect to surrounding ground level before installation is the same as after installation.
3 Ball and burlap plants shall have twine, metal, plastic and wire ties removed from the tops of the earth ball after backfill soil has been placed to approximately two thirds of the ball depth, tamped lightly and watered. Backfilling around plant shall be completed in 150 mm layers after water has drained away. Burlap wrapping shall not be pulled out from under the earth ball.
4 Plants supplied in non-biodegradable containers shall be removed in such a way as to prevent damage to plant or root system. Before planting, any damaged or broken roots shall be carefully trimmed and removed.
5 A 100 to 150 mm high earth saucer shall be formed around individual plants. The diameter of the saucer should be larger than and outside the backfilled area.
6 After planting, plants shall be guyed or staked as required or directed by the Engineer. Trees and shrubs shall be protected against wind and sun with burlap wrapping where necessary or directed to ensure satisfactory establishment of plant.
7 Trees 1.2 to 1.8 m tall shall be held in place with one 1 bracing stake. The stake shall be positioned close to the tree on the windward side. The stake shall be driven vertically into firm ground taking care not to injure the roots. The tree shall be held firmly to the stake with a double strand of wire placed 1m above ground level. A chafing guard shall be used were the wire is in contact with the tree.
8 Trees 1.8 to 2.5 m tall shall be held in place with two 2 bracing stakes placed on opposite sides. The stake shall be driven vertically into firm ground taking care not to injure the roots. The tree shall be shall be held firmly in place placed 1m above ground level with a double stand of wire Chafing guards shall be used where the wire is in contact with the tree.
9 Trees taller than 2.5 m shall be held firmly in place with three 3 guying lines of double strand wire placed equidistantly around the tree. The wire shall be anchored with ground stakes driven into firm ground outside the earth saucer. The wire shall be anchored to the tree at a point equal or greater than one third of its height. A flag shall be securely fastened to each guying wire.
1.7.10 Installation of Palms
1 Palms shall be lifted and moved with a crane or other approved method to avoid any damage to any part of the palm.
2 Palms shall be placed in the centre of each pit, set plumb and held in place until sufficient backfill mixture has been firmly placed around the root ball. The top of the root ball should be 100 mm below the top of the planting pit. The pit shall be backfilled with specified mixture to approximately two thirds of depth of the root ball, tamped lightly and watered. Backfilling around plant shall be completed in 150 mm layers after water has drained away. A 100 to 150 mm high earth saucer shall be formed around the palm. The diameter of the saucer should be larger than and outside the backfilled area.

1.8 GRASS
1.8.1 Materials and Products
1 Grass Stolons: Paspalum vaginatum, Bermuda or other type as specified by the Engineer minimum age of 12 months, with root of sufficient development that will support growth. Submit certification for grass species.
2 Grass sprigs shall be provided as healthy living stems stolons or rhizomes with attached roots including two to three nodes. They shall be 5 to 15 mm long without adhering soil. The limitation of time between harvesting and planting of sprigs shall be 24 hours. Sprigs shall be obtained from heavy and dense turf, free from weeds. Sprigs that have been exposed to heat and excessive drying will be rejected. Sprigs shall be planted at 150 mm apart in both directions.
3 Turf shall be strongly rooted, not less than 2 years old, free of weeds and undesirable native grass. Only turf that is capable of vigorous growth and development when laid shall be used. Turf shall be of a uniform size in width and length. Broken pads or pads with uneven ends will not be acceptable.
1.8.2 Workmanship
1 Provide manufacturer's or supplier's certified analysis for grass and fertilizer materials and other data substantiating that materials comply with specified requirements.
2 Provide certificate of compliance from authority having jurisdiction indicating approval of fertilizer and herbicide composition and mixtures.
3 Submit samples of materials for approval. For standard products, the manufacturer's analysis will be acceptable. For all other materials, analysis is to be provided by recognized laboratories.
4 Supplier/Grower shall be a Qatar based company or equivalent specializing in the production/propagation of the work of this section.
5 Installer shall have a minimum of 5 years experience and approved by the Engineer.
6 Deliver packaged materials in unopened containers showing weight, analysis, and name of manufacturer. Protect materials from deterioration during delivery while stored on site. Damaged materials are to be replaced as required.
7 Apply fertilizer, herbicides, and the like strictly in accordance with manufacturers' instructions, observe all precautions. Remove containers from site when no longer required.
8 Co-ordinate with installation of underground sprinkler system piping and watering heads. Coordinate with installation of trees, palms, shrubs and groundcover.
1.8.3 Soil Preparation
1 Final cultivation of planted areas: remove stones and fill eroded areas with fresh topsoil in case found.

2 Final cultivation of seeded grass areas: after final grading, lightly and uniformly firm soil and reduce top 100 mm to fine tilts. Rake to true, even surface, removing stones more than 25 mm in any dimension. Add organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer at recommended and approved rates.
3 Obtain approval of prepared soil areas before seeding.
1.8.4 Delivery
1 Deliver grass in stolons, or sprigs form bundled and packaged in accordance with standard trade practices.
2 Do not deliver sprigs quantities which is more than can be spread and planted within 24 hours.
1.8.5 Seeding
1 Grass seed shall be the latest season’s crop and shall be delivered in original sealed packages bearing the producer’s guaranteed analysis for percentage of
mixtures, purity, weed seed content, and inert material. Seed that has become wet, mouldy, or otherwise damaged will not be acceptable. On-site seeding shall be done in the presence of the Engineer. The seed mixture shall be sown at the rate of 35 g/m2. Grass seed mixtures shall be listed by schedule with information as follows:
(a)
botanical name

(b)
common name

(d)
minimum percentage of pure seed

(e)
minimum percentage of germination

(f)
maximum percentage of weed seed

2 Do not sow if soil is waterlogged or excessively dry or when persistent drying winds are likely to occur.
3 One day before sowing apply inorganic fertilizer at the rate of 50 gm/m2 over grass areas and water in.
4 Spread seed evenly at rate of 1 kg/30 m2 or as stated on supplier’s catalogue and approved by the Engineer applied in two equal sowings in transverse directions. Lightly harrow or rake and water.
1.8.6 Preparation and Installation of Carpet Grass
1 Verify that prepared soil mixture base is ready to receive the work of this section.
2 Prepare sub-soil and eliminate uneven areas and low spots.
3 Maintain lines, levels, profiles and contours. Make changes in grade gradually to blend slopes into level areas.
4 Scarify topsoil to a depth of 100 mm where soil mixture is placed.

5 Repeat cultivation in areas where equipment used for hauling and spreading soil mixture has compacted subsoil.
6 Co-ordinate works with irrigation installer and utility inspections prior to this work.
7 Placing soil mixture: refer to section 1.3.17 & 1.3.18 above.
8 Roll carpet grass with a use of water drum roller to compact lightly.
9 Fill low patches and low areas with dune sand as final levelling.
10 Irrigate adequately to saturate the top 100mm of soil.
1.8.7 Watering, Cutting, and Completion
1 During establishment of grass areas ensure that sufficient water is applied to maintain healthy growth. Carry out watering using sprinkler until full depth of topsoil is saturated.
2 Separate grassed planting bays planting separator from adjacent ground covers, shrubs, or aggregate finish areas by approved plastic mowing strips fixed to manufacturer's recommendations.
3 When 90% of area is covered by grass, cut first cut to a height of approximately 40 mm using mowing machines in preference to cutting knives. After cutting, fertilize area covered by grass with sulphate of ammonia at the rate of 30 gm/m2 then water thoroughly.
4 Mow subsequent cuts to keep grass at approximately 50 mm height.
5 Remove soil from hard surfaces and leave the site in a clean and tidy condition.
1.9 APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE
1.9.1 General Requirements
1 When pesticide becomes necessary to remove a disease or pest, a trained and certified operative shall apply the required pesticide in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer.
2 Hydraulic equipment shall be provided for liquid application of pesticides with a leak proof tank, positive agitation methods, controlled application pressure and metering gauges.
3 Prior to application the Contractor shall submit a pesticide treatment plan to the Engineer.
1.10 WARRANTY, MAINTENANCE AND HANDOVER
1.10.1 Plant Establishment and Warranty Period
1 Upon substantial completion of landscaping works as approved by the Engineer, the plant establishment period for maintaining installed plants in a healthy growing condition shall commence. The plant establishment period shall be in effect until the end of the warranty period. At the end of the warrantee period, all plants and turf shall be in a healthy and living condition.

2 When planting operations extend over more than one season or there is a variance to the planting times, the plant establishment periods shall be furnished for work completed, as directed. Written calendar dates shall be furnished to the Engineer for the beginning of the plant establishment period. When there is more than one plant establishment period, the boundaries of the planted areas covered for each period shall be detailed.
1.10.2 Plant Maintenance during the Establishment Period
1 Maintenance of plants shall include straightening plants, tightening stakes and guying material, repairing wrapping, protecting plant areas from erosion, supplementing mulch, application of tree wound dressing, removing dead or broken tip growth by pruning, maintaining edges of plant beds and earth saucers, maintaining plant labels, salinity control, watering, weeding, removing and replacing unhealthy plants, pesticide treatment and other horticultural operations necessary for proper plant growth and keeping the Site neat in appearance. The Contractor shall provide all necessary labour, equipment and materials to comply with this operation.
2 Watering shall be conducted regularly to maintain an adequate supply of moisture within the root zone.
3 Weed control and debris removal shall be routinely performed by the Contractor. Grass and weeds shall not be allowed to reach a height of 50 mm in any tree basin or around any plant before being completely removed, including the root growth.
4 Throughout the maintenance the Contractor shall continue a fertiliser programme to maintain soil nutrients, and fertility suitable to proper plant growth.
5 Amended agriculture soil shall be added to maintain finished ground levels and to maintain earth saucers. Serious settlement affecting the setting /level of the plant in relation to the depth at which it was grown will require replanting in accordance with Clause 1.5.
6 Treatment for disease or pest shall be in accordance with Clause 1.10.
1.10.3 Replacement Plants during the Establishment Period
1 A survey of the landscaping works shall be carried out fifty 50 days after acceptance of substantial completion. Following the survey, the Engineer will direct the Contractor to remove and replace all plants determined as dead. Plants reviewed that exhibit questionable abilities to survive will be tagged by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer and be reviewed after an additional twenty five 25 days to determine acceptance or rejection. The Contractor shall make reasonable efforts to stabilise the quality of the tagged plants.
2 All replacement planting shall be at the Contractor’s expense.
1.10.4 Lawn Maintenance during Plant Establishment Period
1 Maintenance shall consist of watering, fertilising, weeding, mowing, trimming and other operations as required to establish a smooth acceptable lawn free of eroded or bare areas. If required, the Contractor shall apply maintenance fertiliser after the second mowing. Any additional fertiliser shall be added when grass is dry. After application of the fertiliser, the area shall be watered well

2 The Contractor shall maintain lawns for not less than the period stated below and longer as required to establish an acceptable lawn.
3 Seeded lawn areas shall be maintained through three 3 maintenance cuttings but not less than sixty 60 days after substantial completion.
4 Sprigged and turfed lawn areas shall be maintained through two 2 maintenance cuttings but not less than thirty 30 days after substantial completion.
1.10.5 Final Acceptance
1 Prior to the completion of the plant establishment period, a preliminary inspection shall be undertaken by the Engineer. The time for this inspection shall be established in writing. The quantity and types of plants installed and the acceptability of the plants shall be determined. The plant establishment and warranty period will end with this inspection provided that the Contractor has complied with the work required under Clause 1.11.1. The Contractor shall also comply with the following requirements.
2 Dead, missing or defective plant material or turf shall be replaced. Replaced plants will be of the same size and species as originally specified.
3 Weed plant beds and saucers. Prior to inspection treat these areas with an application of approved pre-emergent herbicide.
4 Remove stakes, guy wires and wrappings from plants as directed by the Engineer.
5 Complete remedial measures as directed by the Engineer.
6 Repair damages caused while making plant or turf repairs.
7 A final inspection, if required, shall be undertaken by the Engineer to determine that the deficiencies noted in the preliminary inspection have been corrected. The time for this inspection shall be established in writing.
1.11 MAINTENANCE
1.11.1 General
1 Maintenance Personnel: to have experience in Qatar based landscape contracting company specializing in installing and planting.
2 Maintenance Manual: upon completion of defects and liability period, and prior to final acceptance, provide the company with four 4 copies of a bound, waterproof maintenance manual.
3 The manual shall contain seasonal irrigation water and fertilizer application rates, pesticide, insecticide, fungicide and herbicide applications by plant type.
4 Maintenance Manual shall also include in detail all general landscape maintenance procedures for soil and all types of planting groups being part of this project, including but necessarily limited to:

(a)
pruning, trimming, thinning, edging, mowing, fertilization, top-dressing, weeding, irrigation, disease control, insect control, pest control, weed control, re-sprigging, replanting, pruning, repairs, thinning,

(b)
The minimum requirements for fertilizer application program are as per Table 11 & 12.

5 Penalty for Non-Performance/ Delay: Due to the nature of the soft landscaping and the effect it has on the public appearance, the Contractor must carry out the maintenance work as scheduled and direct by the Engineer. Failure to do so will have severe consequences on the Contractor and the Engineer may take action the maintenance work. The Main Contractor shall bear all the cost implications arising from this action and no payment shall be processed until the Main Contractor processes the payment due to the new contractor that carried out the work.
6 The Contractor shall execute the require maintenance work in accordance with the approved maintenance program / schedule without any delay and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. In the event the Contractor fails to carry out the work specified, Public Work Authority shall employ persons other than the Contractor’s staff to carry out the work and shall recover from the Contractor such costs incurred thereby from any monies due, or which become due, to the Contractor. In addition the Contractor shall be liable to Penalties as follows:
(a)
Delay in cutting and maintaining grass.

(b)
Delay in cutting and maintaining ground cover plants

(d)
Delay in pruning and maintaining trees, shrubs.

(e)
Delay in applying fertilizer and soil amendment.

(f)
If delay in replacing dead plant is more than 6 days the Engineer will reserve the right to hire another Contractor to replant the missing plant and shall recover from the Main Contractor such costs incurred thereby from any monies due, or which become due, to the Contractor.

7 Plant replacement: all dead and unhealthy plants shall be removed immediately; palms that do not show a healthy growth within 90 days shall be replaced.
8 Duration of maintenance period: maintenance works upon planting material and irrigation installations shall be carried-out by the Contractor for the time period of 400 days from the date of issue of primary handover certificate.
9 Cleanliness: the Contractor shall maintain all materials installed and keep the site clean during maintenance.
10 During the works: the premises shall be kept neat and orderly at all times including storage areas for plants and other materials.
11 Rubbish: including debris resulting from horticultural works shall be removed from the site daily as the work progresses.
12 Paved Areas: shall be kept clean by sweeping and / or hosing.

13 Tags, Labels: nursery stakes and ties shall be removed from all plants.
14 Personnel: the Contractor shall separately list of the personnel, workforce and adequate equipment to perform the maintenance works herein specified to be carried out from the date of acceptance of the project by the Engineer until completion of the 400 days plant establishment period.
1.11.2 Appearance of the Ground
1 The grass, trees, shrubs and other plants shall thrive and the Contractor shall carry out all normal horticultural operations to ensure coming about.
(a)
The contractor shall plant the seasonal flowers during normal planting season.

(b)
All the supplied plants shall be healthy and not weak or dead, it must be meeting the project's requirements as per the specifications.

(c)
During the maintenance period, the Contractor is responsible for maintaining and replacing the seasonal flowers till the end of the contract.

(d)
All the agricultural processes to be under the supervision and approval of the Engineer.

(e)
The contractor shall submit for approval by the Engineer the seasonal flowers replacement during maintenance period contains information about plants genus, species, number of plants per m2, planting date, replacement date, replacements type and observation in an approved form.

2 The ground shall appear neat, tidy and well cared for and the collection and disposal of rubbish and litter of all sorts from paths, lawns and beds shall be part of the Contractor responsibilities and he shall allow for it in his rates.
3 Fallen leaves and small bark and twigs debris shall be cultivated in to the soil if approved by the Engineer.
4 Surfaces for palms and trees shall not be dug deep, on the contrary the saucers shall be maintained as shallow as possible and surrounding ground cover or grass shall not be allowed to reach the tree.
5 Defects: remove and immediately replace trees, shrubs, or plants found to be dead, unhealthy or vandalized during the maintenance period with approved, true to species equivalent trees, shrubs, or plants.
6 Provide maintenance of the planted areas from date of provisional acceptance until the end of the maintenance period and final acceptance.
7 Cultivation: keep beds clear of weed by cultivating and use of approved herbicides. Fork over beds as necessary to keep soil loose.
8 Fertilizer: to be applied for all plants as specified in the Table 11 below:

Table 11:
Fertilizer application schedule during maintenance period

Item Type of fertilizer Type of Plant
Grass Ground cover Seasonal Hedges Date palms Trees Shrubs
1 Urea/ Ammonium Sulfate 20 g/m2 Monthly 25 g/m2 Monthly 25 g/m 2 Monthly 30 g/m 2 Monthly 1Kg/Tree every 6 Month 25 g/m2 Monthly 25 g/m2 Monthly
2 NPK 20 g/m2 Monthly 25 g/m2 Monthly 25 g/m2 Monthly 30 g/m2 Monthly 1 Kg/Tree every 6 month 25 g/m2 Monthly 25 g/m2 Monthly
3 Slow Release Fertilizer 20 g/m2 every 2 Month NA NA NA 500 g Feb and May 200 g/3 times 40 g/3 times
4 Organic Fertilizer After plug aeration Every 6 month Before planting Every 6 Month Jan & May Jan & May Jan & May

9 The Contractor shall prune the plants as follows:
(a)
At appropriate time to remove dead or dying and diseased wood and suckers, to promote healthy growth and natural shape.

(b)
Dress cut ends exceeding 25 mm diameter with approved tree wound dressing.

(d)
Use clean sharp tools and make cuts clean and flush without leaving stubs.

(e)
Cut back to living tissue.

(f)
Cuts, scars and bruises shall be shaped as not to retain any water

10 Pruning paint to be approved asphalt based commercial paint Tree seal or equal approved prepared for tree surgery containing fungicide and shall be applied to any tree/shrub wound large then 20 mm. Paint shall cover all exposed cambium as well as other exposed living tissue.
11 Pruning of Hedges and Topiary: all shall be trimmed every four weeks during high vegetation period, every two weeks in case of excessive growth of certain species. The wood shall never appear after trimming. Topiary shall be trimmed with specific steel wire frame to match designed topiary. The geometrical patterns shall be trimmed using stretched ropes and high guides to maintain shape personnel.
(a)
Trimming of topiary shall be done in accordance with designed shapes. Where hedges are designed continuity of hedge shall be maintained.

(b)
Cut back dead stems to just above healthy buds monthly. Limit amount of pruning to minimum necessary to encourage proper growth and not to change natural habit of shape.

12 Remove Burlap Wrapping from palm when new leaves show vigorous growth.
13 Tree Stakes: check condition of stakes, ties, and guards. Replace broken or missing items. Adjust ties if necessary to prevent rubbing of bark. Cut back damaged bark and treat wound with tree wound dressing.
14 Raking: rake gravel to even surface and remove any litter.
15 Weeding:
(a)
Removal of weed is to be done on a weekly basis for both Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous weeds.

(b)
Weeds have to be removed with roots and shall not be left on grass areas for any reason, and instead shall be put in a fresh directly to avoid spreading and falling of seeds.

(d)
Before every mowing, the grass areas are to be checked for presence of any weeds.

(e)
The weeding dates shall be mentioned by the Contractor and the work to be done under the supervision and approval of the Engineer's according to the site requirements as per the relevant weeding activity record form.

16 Pest and disease control: the Contractor shall check plants material and take remedial action as appropriate and in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Application of pest control schedule is required and approval from site engineer is needed. Fungicides or Insecticides shall not be performed during the day to avoid leaf burns; application shall be done in the evening or early morning.
17 Cultivating / Hoeing: cultivating shall consist of scarifying the top 80-100mm of planting bed so lumps of soil are all less than 50mm and all weeds are removed.
18 Iron Deficiency: plants prone to iron and/or trace elements deficiency shall be checked monthly and diluted iron applied as required.
1.11.3 Grass Maintenance
1 Maintain grassed areas immediately after placement until grass is well established and exhibits a vigorous growing condition. Continue maintenance until final acceptance. Turf areas will be accepted upon 100% coverage being as approved by the Engineer.
2 Defects: re-cultivate and re-seed bare areas and areas of dead grass. At the end of the maintenance period gassed areas in a healthy condition, with full coverage of grass, without thin or bald areas.
3 Provide maintenance of the grassed areas as specified below from date of handing over until the end of the maintenance period.

Mowing: cut grass regularly during the growing season to maintain a height of approximately 50 mm, using approved mechanical cylindrical mowers.
(a)
Mowing of the grass areas must be done to keep the height of the grass at 3cm minimum and 5 cm maximum.

(b)
For mowing operations only cylindrical lawns mowers are to be used,, the blades of mowers shall be always sharp to have proper cutting,, use of blunt blades will not produce even shape,, the lawn mowers shall be in proper condition and there shall not be leakage of oil or petrol on the grass areas,, only trained personnel are allowed to mow the grass areas.

(c)
The mowing must be done in one direction, the Contractor shall change the mowing direction each two mowing operations.

(d)
The contractor must ensure the removing of the grass cutting's products and all garbage properly and in the same day after the grass mowing and dumped to an approved dumping yard.

(e)
Grass cuttings to be collected prior to disposal on top of a shade net not directly on top grass

(f)
Where mowing strip is not provided, edges shall be trimmed with an appropriate weed-eater machine. Vertical trim shall be done using manual lawn trimmer

(g)
Clippings shall be raked off and taken away from site unless directed otherwise by the Engineer.

(h)
Grass shall be mowed in parallel strips at regular speed. Edges shall be trimmed manually and maintained neat and tidy, curves to be smooth to centres.

(i)
The Contractor shall submit a schedule about mowing operation containing the mowing operation record each week for all the season in an approved form by the Engineer.

5 Edging and Trimming:
(a)
Along with the mowing operations the edges of the grass areas are to be trimmed with approved trimming machines.

(b)
Under no circumstances the grass shall be allowed to grow down the road kerbstone or along the walkways.

(c)
The Contractor must be accurate during edging's operation and shall maintain a constant distance of 5 cm between the grass and the garden kerbstone.

(d)
The grass growing along the tree barns is to be trimmed and properly maintained.

(e)
The edging must be done under the supervision and approval of the Engineer.

(f)
The edging dates shall be mentioned by the Contractor for each month of the year in an approved form by the Engineer.

6 Plug Aeration:
(a)
Plug aeration must be done by using specific machines Aerators.

(b)
To have an effective growth aeration of the grass shall be done once in every four months

(c)
Immediately after aeration & scarification, fertilization with NPK + urea has to be done followed by rolling after 2 days.

(d)
Aeration shall be done immediately after hard mowing to a depth of 12 cm minimum.

7 Verticutting shall be done every 6 months and immediately followed by watering and rolling. Speed of scarifying shall be to the manufacturer’s specifications. Rake to remove matted and dead grass and roots
(a)
First the Contractor has to mow the lawns as normal and then use scarification machine to loosen and thin the root zone

(b)
Direction of scarifying shall be alternated at each scarifying session.

8 Water grass to prevent grass and soil from drying out.
9 Percolation: in a case of visibly poor soil drainage, perform soil percolation test and prepare remedy report for the Engineer approval.
10 Rolling: roll grass, after watering using a light roller as required.
11 Inorganic fertilizer:
(a)
The grass areas are to be fertilized once a month, this has to be done under the Engineer's approval and supervision.

(b)
Fertilization is to be done immediately after the mowing operations.

(d)
Immediately after fertilization, proper wetting is to be done to dissolve the fertilizer.

(e)
The used mixture must be done according to the following proportions shown in the Table 12 below. The Contractor shall inform the Engineer regarding the used NPK contents and any observations in a periodical manner approved by the Engineer.

Table 12: Monthly Inorganic Fertilization application for grass 12
Months Mixture Proportions/m2
January 32 g NPK + 8 g Urea
February 20g NPK + 20 g Urea
March 20g NPK + 20 g Urea
April 20g NPK + 20 g Urea
May 24 g NPK + 16 g Urea
June 36 g NPK + 4 g Urea
July 36 g NPK + 4 g Urea
August 36 g NPK + 4 g Urea
September 36 g NPK + 4 g Urea
October 32 g NPK + 8 g Urea
November 32 g NPK + 8 g Urea
December 32 g NPK + 8 g Urea

13
14 15
Sprinklers level: all pop-up grass sprinklers / heads shall be adjusted to be flush with final grade and 25 cm below edge of grass.
Grass shall be replaced immediately after showing signs of deterioration or bare spots. Protect sowed areas with warning signs during maintenance period.
Hard mowing: to be done three times per year to 5 mm prior to aeration.
Pesticide application:
(a)
Application of Pesticides must be undertaken by an experienced staff, The work shall be performed and supervised at all times by qualified personnel , The Contractor has to ensure all the safety conditions for his staff, They must be wearing a proper working clothes , gloves and put mask's during treatment.

(b)
The contractor shall arrange for an inspection request prior to application.

(c)
The contractor shall submit catalogue's data and literature's of manufacturers and suppliers, it must contains information's about :

(i)
The chemical name, structure and concentration of the active ingredients with the spreading and emulsion materials of each product.

(ii)
The date of product and expiry, all products must be produced no more than one year before treatment and not expired.

(iii) The commercial name of each product , formula's description , The manufacturer's recommended dosage for each plant, The safety period after treatment , The chemical residues of each product on plants or soil , The mixing ability with other pesticides or fertilizer's, and the LD 50 .

(d)
All the pesticides shall be delivered to the site in the original, unopened containers bearing the manufacturer's guarantee and all the necessary information's of usage.

(e)
The treatment must be done at early morning or before sun set, water shall not be applied only at least 24 hours after treatment.

(f)
The contractor must not spray pesticides during windy and rainy weather. Ideal pressure setting shall be used to avoid air drifting of pesticides.

(g)
Prior to application the Contractor shall submit a pesticide's treatment plan to the Engineer, applying program to be approved and supervised by the Engineer.

(h)
The contractor shall use the same active ingredients mentioned in the plan, approved by the Engineer who will preserve the rights to increase or decrease the dosage and choose the best formulations of each pesticide.

(i)
Hydraulic equipment spraying machine shall be provided for liquid application of pesticide with a leak proof tank, two operational nozzle's to ensure a good and sufficient coverage, positive agitation methods, controlled application pressure and metering gauges , the Contractor may use the pesticide's holder with multi nozzle's for application.

(j)
The contractor must not apply all pesticides mentioned in the specification at the same application to prevent the bad effects of the chemical on plants or soil, he shall also use a vary types of pesticides alternatively to avoid the pest's resistance, this to be approved and supervised by the Engineer.

16
17
18 19
20
(k)
The contractor must keep newly treated area's with pesticides off limit as per the manufacturer's recommendations, he shall protect treated area's with warning tape and signage approved by the Engineer showing the date of re-entry in Arabic and English.

(l)
According to the activity peak of the pests in Qatar , the Contractor shall do four preventive applications to ensure the inhibition of the pests during season as following

(i)
In November, the Contractor shall apply fungicide of Metalaxyl in a slow release formulation such as granules to control the soil born fungi's addition to another general fungicide and a systemic insecticide to control the other types of fungi's and the insects which are capable of being active during cold weather.

(ii)
In February, The contractor shall apply the same formulation of Metalaxyl with a mixture of another general fungicide and a systemic insecticide taking into consideration that the Contractor shall use a different types of the general fungicide and insecticide than the previous application to avoid pest's resistance.

(iii) In May, the Contractor shall apply a mixture of insecticides consisting of systemic and contact insecticides addition to a general fungicide.
(iv) In September, the Contractor shall apply the same mixture of insecticides and fungicides but he shall use different active ingredients to ensure the best results from application.

(m)
Any occurrence of infection with different types of pests, insects, fungi's and nematodes during the whole project's period, the Contractor shall be responsible of identifying and controlling all type of infections by using the proper pesticides. Selection of pesticides with a proper formulation and dosage will be done by the Engineer.

(n)
The contractor shall fill the pesticides treatment in a schedule contains all the necessary information in an approved form by the Engineer.

Top dressing: immediately after pesticide application and plug aeration spread and brush in organic fertilizer as per quantities shown above in Table 11 & 12.
Lawn mowers: maintenance shall be in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation especially in regard to greasing and blades sharpening.
Blunt blades shall not be used; they alter the general appearance of lawns.
Spiking and raking: once a year, during the dormant period, spike the grassed area, using a spiked or hollow tined roller and rake to remove matted and dead grass and roots.
Weeding: remove weeds as they develop either by hand or use of approved selective weed killer. Apply herbicides in accordance with manufacturer's recommendation. Remedy damage resulting from improper use of herbicides.

1.12 APPENDIX A – LANDSCAPING DETAILS 1
Appendix A contains the details listed below:
1 30mm / 20mm Cell to Capture Surface Water 2 Palm Planting Details 3 Palm Tie Details 4 Typical Tree and Excavation Details 5 Typical Tree Wooden Stakes Details 6 Small Shrub Planting Details 7 Hedge Planting Details 8 Large Shrub Planting Details 9 Grass Planting Details 10 Ground Cover Planting Details 11 Plan for Ground Covers

1.13 APPENDIX B – ASHGHAL IRRIGATION RATES
1.14 APPENDIX C – LANDSCAPING DETAILS 2
Appendix C contains the details listed below: 1 Building Foundation 2 Drainage Pipes 3 Nursery Pot 4 Side Walk / Kerbs and Cart Paths 5 Greens / Trees 6 New Applications 7 Underground Tank

END OF PART